Abstract: The invention provides a control arrangement where the controller is arranged to drive the actuator utilizing automatically the explanation values. The control arrangement has a controller, which is arranged to drive an actuator. The control arrangement comprises also a setpoint controller, which is arranged to utilize deviations between explanation values of machine learning and normal explanation values of machine learning. The setpoint controller forms a setpoint value for the controller.

Abstract: The invention provides a diagnostic arrangement, which utilizes pre-processed measurement data, ML values and explanation values. By using all these values/data it is possible to analyse phenomenon, events, and behaviour of the process in such a way that a number of aspects can be taken into account.

Abstract: The invention provides a way to monitor a process (1). The invention utilizes explanation values. A ML model of the process is created. The ML model utilizes measurements from the process as inputs to the ML model and forms model outputs. The inputs are classified to groups in the. The explanation values are calculated for each input indicating contribution of the input to the model output/s, and a sum of the explanation values for each group are calculated. The calculated sums are monitored, each sum indicating status of the group in question.

Abstract: In a water treatment system, a pretreatment chemical is added to water stream in a pretreatment process including a coagulation, flocculation and separation to reduce amount of dissolved and/or particulate matter in the water stream. Hydrophobic conditions in the water stream are monitored upstream or downstream from adding the pretreatment chemicals. Dosing of the pretreatment chemical to the water stream is controlled based on the monitored hydrophobic conditions. Thereby a membrane fouling in subsequent membrane filtration stage can be minimized.

Abstract: In a water treatment system, a pretreatment chemical is added to water stream in a pretreatment process including a coagulation, flocculation and separation to reduce amount of dissolved and/or particulate matter in the water stream. Hydrophobic conditions in the water stream are monitored upstream or downstream from adding the pretreatment chemicals. Dosing of the pretreatment chemical to the water stream is controlled based on the monitored hydrophobic conditions. Thereby a membrane fouling in subsequent membrane filtration stage can be minimized.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for predicting the microbial status of a paper or board making process and/or quality of the dry board or paper obtained from the process for controlling microbial status of a paper or board making process or quality of the dry board or paper obtained from the process. Surface level and duration of time in at least one storage tower or pulper are monitored and correlated with respective predetermined values for the tower or pulper in order to predict the risk of microbial activity.

Abstract: A method for monitoring hydrophobic particles contained in a pulp suspension, includes obtaining a sample from a pulp suspension or a filtrate of the pulp suspension. A fluorescent dye is added to the sample to stain particles in the sample. The sample is fractionated to obtain at least a first fraction and a second fraction, wherein the second fraction is a fiber fraction. The method includes for the obtained fractions, fluorescence emitted by the particles in the fractions, calculating an integral of the fluorescence measured for the fractions excluding the fiber fraction, and correlating the calculated integral of the fluorescence to the amount of acetone soluble material in the pulp suspension, and optionally measuring light scattering signal of the particles in at least first and second fractions.

Abstract: A method for monitoring hydrophobic particles contained in a pulp suspension, includes obtaining a sample from a pulp suspension or a filtrate of the pulp suspension. A fluorescent dye is added to the sample to stain particles in the sample. The sample is fractionated to obtain at least a first fraction and a second fraction, wherein the second fraction is a fiber fraction. The method includes for the obtained fractions, fluorescence emitted by the particles in the fractions, calculating an integral of the fluorescence measured for the fractions excluding the fiber fraction, and correlating the calculated integral of the fluorescence to the amount of acetone soluble material in the pulp suspension, and optionally measuring light scattering signal of the particles in at least first and second fractions.

Abstract: Estimating or predicting runnability or end product quality risk level for a pulp or papermaking process is disclosed. The method includes measuring hydrophobicity values of samples originating from a same aqueous process stream. A hydrophobicity measurement signal is produced of measured hydrophobicity values as a function of time. A risk level is calculated for the process. At least one mathematical index is calculated based on the hydrophobicity measurement signal, and optionally based on the amount of particles in the sample, other property of the aqueous stream and/or production data. The mathematical index and optionally the amount of the particles, other property, and/or production data is used as a risk indicator input in the calculation. Based on the risk level calculated for the pulp or papermaking process, the runnability and/or end product quality risk level for the pulp or papermaking process is indicated.

Abstract: A sample of an aqueous stream is conducted to an optical measurement device. A hydrophobic dye is added. The sample is fractionated into fractions according to particle size or mass. The fluorescence intensity values and light scattering intensity values for the fractions are measured. The fluorescence intensity values of the fractions are added together thus obtaining a sum of the fluorescence intensity values. The light scattering intensity values of the fractions are added together, thus obtaining a sum of the light scattering intensity values. A hydrophobicity density of the particles in the sample, is calculated by dividing the sum of the fluorescence intensity values with the sum of the light scattering intensity values, and the concentration of hydrophobic contaminants in the aqueous stream is monitored and controlled based on the calculated hydrophobicity density of the particles in the sample.

Abstract: Method for estimating vapor phase corrosion load in a paper or board manufacturing system, method for controlling vapor phase corrosion load in a paper or board manufacturing system and an arrangement usable is those method. Said methods allow easy on-line follow up of the corrosion load and also adjusting biocide dosage.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for monitoring and controlling treatment of a waste water stream. The method includes measuring UV absorbance of a waste water influent and/or waste water effluent, measuring turbidity of the waste water influent and/or waste water effluent, and determining the concentration of dissolved organics in the waste water influent and/or waste water effluent based on the measured UV absorbance. The method includes controlling the dosing of at least one coagulant to the waste water influent based on the measured UV absorbance and/or the determined concentration of the dissolved organics, and optionally based on the measured turbidity, and optionally controlling the dosing of at least one flocculant to the waste water influent based on the measured turbidity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring deposit formation in a process having an aqueous flow is provided. According to exemplary embodiments, a feed flow of an aqueous liquid is provided onto a receiving surface to be monitored. At least part of a receiving surface is illuminated with at least one light source. Visual data is collected across the receiving surface and analyzed. The quality and type of deposition attached to the receiving surface is classified based on information obtained from the analyzed visual data, and a quantitative scaling and/or fouling indication is computed based on the classification.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for optimization of coagulation and/or flocculation in a water treatment process. According to exemplary embodiments, samples are taken from an aqueous liquid and the samples are monitored with an imaging device to capture visual data of particles dispersed or suspended in the liquid. The particles are classified into particle types based on the visual data and a particle size distribution indication is computed for each classified particle type. The particle size distribution indication is then compared to a predetermined particle size distribution value, and in response to a difference detected, dosage of at least one coagulation and/or flocculation agent in the water treatment process can be adjusted.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for predicting the microbial status of a paper or board making process and/or quality of the dry board or paper obtained from the process for controlling microbial status of a paper or board making process or quality of the dry board or paper obtained from the process. Surface level and duration of time in at least one storage tower or pulper are monitored and correlated with respective predetermined values for the tower or pulper in order to predict the risk of microbial activity.

Abstract: In a starch concentration measurement, a liquid sample is conducted from a liquid sample such as pulp suspension or filtrate of a paper, board or tissue process. An iodine solution is added to the sample, and a light absorbance or transmittance of the sample is measured at a wavelength longer than about 650 nm, for example longer than about 700 nm. The measured absorbance or transmittance of the sample is converted into the starch concentration of the sample by a predefined correlation between a starch concentration and a light absorbance or transmittance.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for optimization of coagulation and/or flocculation in a water treatment process. According to exemplary embodiments, samples are taken from an aqueous liquid and the samples are monitored with an imaging device to capture visual data of particles dispersed or suspended in the liquid. The particles are classified into particle types based on the visual data and a particle size distribution indication is computed for each classified particle type. The particle size distribution indication is then compared to a predetermined particle size distribution value, and in response to a difference detected, dosage of at least one coagulation and/or flocculation agent in the water treatment process can be adjusted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring deposit formation in a process having an aqueous flow is provided. According to exemplary embodiments, a feed flow of an aqueous liquid is provided onto a receiving surface to be monitored. At least part of a receiving surface is illuminated with at least one light source. Visual data is collected across the receiving surface and analyzed. The quality and type of deposition attached to the receiving surface is classified based on information obtained from the analyzed visual data, and a quantitative scaling and/or fouling indication is computed based on the classification.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and system for analyzing a liquid sample containing solid matter. The method comprises fractionating the sample according to particle sizes and/or masses of the solid matter so as to produce sample fractions, and measuring at least one physical or chemical property of at least one of said sample fractions. According to the invention the sample is conducted to a disintegration channel having one or more depressions, and a liquid flow having a non-constant temporal velocity profile is applied through the disintegration channel, in order to gradually take solid matter of the sample with the liquid flow from said one or more depressions for providing said sample fractions. The invention allows for efficient fractionation of samples, which cannot be fractionated using conventional field flow fractionation, for example.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of optical measurement of an aqueous stream, and of processing the results of the measurement in order to determine the anionic charge of the stream, the method being carried out by measuring the light absorption of the stream and predicting the amount of anionic groups in the stream using a mathematical processing, such as mathematical calculations. Particularly, the method includes the steps of adding an amount of a cationic dye to the aqueous stream, measuring the light absorption spectra of the obtained dye-containing stream, and processing the obtained light absorption spectrum using said mathematical processing in order to obtain the anionic charge. The invention also concerns the use of the obtained spectrum in determining the turbidity of the stream, as well as a device suitable for use in carrying out the method.