Abstract: An image defect correction system using directional detection. An image data memory stores a two-dimensional image data output from an image capturing device. A decision means decides whether a target pix cell is a defective pix cell by deciding whether an image data of the target pix cell is a prominent spot using a plurality of image data of the target pix cell and 8 adjacent pix cells arranged in 4 directions of upper-lower, left-right, lower-right and upper-right, counting direction number having the prominent spot, and deciding whether the target pix cell is the defective pix cell according to the counted direction number. A replacement means replaces the image data of the target pix cell with a predetermined image data when the target pix cell is determined to be the defective pix cell.

Abstract: Operating a camera by detecting a motion of a camera, capturing an image of an object at a first shutter speed determined by the camera if camera motion is not detected, and capturing the image of the object at a second shutter speed determined by the camera if camera motion is detected, the second shutter speed being higher than the first shutter speed. Image data corresponding to the captured image are stored in a storage device.

Abstract: A dc-dc converter for converting first to second dc voltages, used for video apparatus, comprising: a self-excited oscillation circuit for producing a clock signal, the self-excited oscillation circuit having a control input for controlling oscillation thereof in response to a control signal; a pulse width modulation circuit responsive to the clock signal and the second dc voltage for controlling duty ratio of the clock signal; a switching circuit responsive the pulse-width-modulated clock signal for switching the first dc voltage; rectifying and smoothing circuit for rectifying and then smoothing an output of the switching circuit to produce the second dc voltage; and a control circuit responsive to a vertical synchronizing signal of a video signal used in the video apparatus for producing the control signal whose pulse width is sufficiently shorter than a vertical retrace period of the vertical synchronizing signal.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement comprises a process amplifier which inputs primary color signals and a luminance signal from an image sensor and which outputs color difference signals each corresponding to a difference between each of said primary color signals and said luminance signal with an amplitude determined by gain control signals; a balance control circuit which generates the gain control signals responsive to said color difference signals to control the process amplifier so as to keep a white balance; and a detecting circuit for detecting a condition where a field of vision of the image sensor is substantially occupied with one color, the detecting circuit producing and supplying a hold signal to the balance control circuit while the detection of the condition is made. When the hold signal is supplied to, the balance control circuit holds each of the gain control signals to a value at a moment right before the hold signal is supplied, and keeps holding until the hold signal stops.