Abstract: In a capacitive pressure sensor and a method of manufacturing the same, first and second grooves are formed in one and the other surfaces of a substrate, respectively. A first sacrificial layer is embedded in the first groove. First insulating films are formed on the substrate in which the first sacrificial layer is formed. The first insulating films have a first film electrode stacked therebetween. A second sacrificial layer having a predetermined shape is stacked on the first insulating film. Second insulating films are formed on the first insulating film on which the second sacrificial layer is formed. The second insulating films have a second film electrode stacked therebetween. A pressure introducing hole is formed in the second groove formed in the other surface of the substrate to reach the first sacrificial layer. First and second hollow portions are formed by removing the first and second sacrificial layers.

Abstract: According to a capacitive pressure sensor and a method of manufacturing the same, first and second grooves are formed in one and the other surfaces of a substrate, respectively. A sacrificial layer is embedded in the first groove. Insulating films are formed on the substrate, on which the sacrificial layer is formed, to sandwich an electrode. Etching is performed to form a pressure introducing hole through the substrate to reach the sacrificial layer. A hollow portion is formed by removing the sacrificial layer through the pressure introducing hole.

Abstract: A microbridge flow sensor includes integral bridge portions and temperature-measuring resistive elements. The bridge portions are integrally formed above the right and left openings of a substrate, respectively. The temperature-measuring resistive elements are respectively formed on the surfaces of the bridge portions.

Abstract: An integrated circuit cooling device and a dew point hygrometer employing such a cooling device having a substrate with a peripheral region surrounding a central aperture, the substrate being overlaid by an insulating layer with a Peltier cooling device formed thereon. The Peltier device includes a plurality of alternate metallic segments of dissimilar metals arranged and joined to form first and second groups of corresponding junctions of which the first group is located over the peripheral region of the substrate and the second group is located over the central aperture.

Abstract: An electronic switching circuit is provided for controlling transfer of electrical power from an alternating polarity electrical power supply to a load means through use of a field-effect transistor device as a primary power controlling element. The circuit also is arranged such that the alternating polarity electrical power supply provides power for operating further circuit components used to direct operation of the primary power controlling element. Certain of these further circuit elements can be prevented from drawing electrical power in certain situations.