Abstract: A composition is disclosed comprising a water-insoluble or slightly water-soluble compound and a branched cyclodextrin-carboxylic acid. The branched cyclodextrin-carboxylic acid significantly increases the water-solubility of the compound. Also disclosed is a method of enhancing water-solubility of the compound.

Abstract: A process for producing a saccharide carboxylic acid or a salt thereof characterized in that a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudogluconobacter and capable of oxidizing a hydroxymethyl group and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-associated carbon atom to a carboxyl group, or an artifact derived from the microorganism, is permitted to act on a hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-containing saccharide or saccharide derivative to produce and accumulate the corresponding carboxylic acid and the carboxylic acid so accumulated is harvested and novel saccharide carboxylic acids produced by the above production method, and by the process, from a broad range of saccharides, saccharic acids having carboxyl groups derived from hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal OH groups can be produced with high selectivity and in good yield, the resultant saccharide acids are resistant to enzymatic degradation and have improved water solubility, among other characteristics.

Abstract: A process for producing a saccharide carboxylic acid or a salt thereof characterized in that a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudogluconobacter and capable of oxidizing a hydroxymethyl group and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-associated carbon atom to a carboxyl group, or an artifact derived from the microorganism, is permitted to act on a hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-containing saccharide or saccharide derivative to produce and accumulate the corresponding carboxylic acid and the carboxylic acid so accumulated is harvested and novel saccharide carboxylic acids produced by the above production method, and by the process, from a broad range of saccharides, saccharic acids having carboxyl groups derived from hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal OH groups can be produced with high selectivity and in good yield, the resultant saccharide acids are resistant to enzymatic degradation and have improved water solubility, among other characteristics.

Abstract: A process for producing a saccharide carboxylic acid or a salt thereof characterized in that a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudogluconobacter and capable of oxidizing a hydroxymethyl group and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-associated carbon atom to a carboxyl group, or an artifact derived from the microorganism, is permitted to act on a hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-containing saccharide or saccharide derivative to produce and accumulate the corresponding carboxylic acid and the carboxylic acid so accumulated is harvested and novel saccharide carboxylic acids produced by the above production method, and by the process, from a broad range of saccharides, saccharic acids having carboxyl groups derived from hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal OH groups can be produced with high selectivity and in good yield, the resultant saccharide acids are resistant to enzymatic degradation and have improved water solubility, among other characteristics.

Abstract: A method of producing D-pantothenic acid or a salt thereof characterized by bring a microbe belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae having resistance to salicylic acid and capable of producing D-pantothenic acid in the presence of .beta.-alanine in contact with .beta.-alanine, preferably wherein a microbe resistant to .alpha.-ketoisovaleric acid and/or .alpha.-ketobutyric acid, and/or .alpha.-aminobutyric acid and/or .beta.-hydroxy-aspartic acid and/or O-methyl-threonine or a microbe transformed with a plasmid DNA carrying the region of a gene involved in biosynthesis of pantothenic acid or a salt thereof or a part thereof, is used, and a method of producing D-pantoic acid or a salt thereof characterized by culturing a microbe resistant to salicylic acid, .alpha.-ketoisovaleric acid and/or .alpha.-ketobutyric acid and/or .alpha.-aminobutyric acid and/or .beta.

Abstract: 2-keto-L-gulonic acid is in high yield produced by contacting a microorganism of the genus Pseudogluconobacter, either as it is or after processing, with L-sorbose.

Abstract: A process for producing a saccharide carboxylic acid or a salt thereof characterized in that a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudogluconobacter and capable of oxidizing a hydroxymethyl group and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-associated carbon atom to a carboxyl group, or an artifact derived from the microorganism, is permitted to act on a hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-containing saccharide or saccharide derivative to produce and accumulate the corresponding carboxylic acid and the carboxylic acid so accumulated is harvested and novel saccharide carboxylic acids produced by the above production method, and by the process, from a broad range of saccharides, saccharic acids having carboxyl groups derived from hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal OH groups can be produced with high selectivity and in good yield, the resultant saccharide acids are resistant to enzymatic degradation and have improved water solubility, among other characteristics.

Abstract: A method for producing (-)trans-2, 3-epoxysuccinic acid, which can be used as a good starting material for the sythesis of optically active compounds such as optically specific single .beta.-lactam antibiotics, characterized in that filamentous fungi capable of producing (-)trans-2,3-epoxysuccinic acid are cultured in liquid medium while either ammonia, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is added to maintain the culture medium in a pH range of 5.0 to 7.5 throughout the culturing period.

Abstract: 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid is produced in a high yield by contacting L-sorbose with a microorganism of Pseudomonas sorbosoxidans, or a processed material thereof.

Abstract: L-sorbose, an intermediate important in vitamin C synthesis, is produced in higher yield from D-sorbitol by microbiological oxidation using a microorganism which belongs to the genus Gluconobacter and which has decreased ability to grow with D-sorbitol as the single carbon source compared with that of its parent strains.

Abstract: 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid is produced in a high yield by contacting L-sorbose with a microorganism of Pseudomonas sorbosoxidans, or a processed material thereof.

Abstract: An improved process for producing 2-keto-L-gulonic acid which comprises culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudogluconobacter which has an ability to oxidize L-sorbose to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid in a culture medium supplemented with a rare earth element in the presence of L-sorbose.

Abstract: 2-Keto-D-glucaric acid is produced in high yield by contacting raw material saccharides (e.g. D-glucose) with a bacterium belonging to the genus Pseudogluconobacter or processed matters thereof.

Abstract: Enduracidin is produced by cultivating an enduracidin-producing microorganism, which belongs to the genus Streptomyces and which has enduracidin-excreting ability or m-fluoro-DL-tyrosine-resistance or has these two properties, until enduracidin is substantially accumulated in the culture broth, and then recovering the same.

Abstract: A novel aminoglycoside antibiotic, xylostasin, of the nomenclature O-.beta.-D-xylofuranosyl-(1.fwdarw.5)-O-[.alpha.-2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-D -glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.4)]-2-deoxystreptamine and its pharmaceutically acceptable acid salts which are effective against infections with bacteria, and a process for producing the antibiotic by cultivating a strain belonging to the genus Bacillus which is capable of producing the antibiotic.