Abstract: An embodiment compression module for a vehicle includes a compression unit configured to compress a refrigerant introduced into the compression unit, a control unit having a first surface separably assembled to the compression unit to control the compression unit, and an accumulator unit separably mounted on a second surface of the control unit in a direction opposite to the compression unit, the accumulator unit being configured to supply the refrigerant to the compression unit in a gaseous state.

Abstract: The present disclosure according to at least one embodiment provides a method of providing a multi-transmission path service on a cloud virtual network, the method being performed by a computing system.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle includes a first cooling apparatus having a first radiator, a first water pump, an electrical component, a valve, and a branch line, which are connected by a first coolant line and circulate a first coolant by the first water pump to the electrical component; a second cooling apparatus including a second radiator and a second water pump connected by a second coolant line; and an air conditioning apparatus including a compressor, a heater, an expansion valve, and a heat exchanger which are connected by a refrigerant line circulated with a refrigerant.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle is provided to improve cooling and heating performance by applying a gas injection device selectively operating during air conditioning of a vehicle interior by increasing a flow rate of the refrigerant circulating in a refrigerant line of the heat pump system. The heat pump system for a vehicle may include: a compressor, a first condenser, a receiver dryer, a second condenser, an evaporator, a gas injection device, a refrigerant connection line, and a chiller. The flow of the refrigerant is controlled according to at least one mode for adjusting a temperature of a vehicle interior or adjusting a temperature of a battery module.

Abstract: In order to efficiently perform heating of a vehicle interior in a state in which the external temperature is low and heat generated by a heating element is not sufficient in an early stage of driving the vehicle, a heat pump system for a vehicle is provided. The heat pump system utilizes various heat sources in a general heating mode of the vehicle interior, and at the same time, maximizes the system performance by increasing flow of the refrigerant. The heat pump system may include: a compressor, a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) module; a heat-exchanger; a first expansion valve; a first connection line; a chiller; a second expansion valve; a second connection line; a third connection line; and a fourth connection line.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle includes: a valve, an electrical component cooling device, a battery cooling device, an indoor heating device, an indoor cooling device, a centralized energy device, and a chiller, wherein the second line is selectively fluidically-connectable to the first line connected to the radiator through the second valve; a condenser included in the centralized energy device is selectively fluidically-connectable to the first line or the second line through a third valve to condense the refrigerant supplied through the refrigerant line through heat-exchange with a coolant provided in a sixth line through which a coolant flows; and a first end portion of the third line is selectively fluidically-connectable to the sixth line through a fourth valve provided in the sixth line.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, provided are methods for increasing the efficiency of dicot and gymnosperm transformation using BBM with no or minimal plant phenotype. Vector designs for achieving these results are also provided, as are methods for their use.

Abstract: A structure for increasing durability of an ion filter, which includes a reservoir configured to store cooling water discharged from a fuel cell stack, an ion filter configured to remove ions from the cooling water discharged from the fuel cell stack, a flow rate adjustment valve disposed between the ion filter and the fuel cell stack, a first pipe which flows the cooling water from the ion filter to the reservoir, and a second pipe that is a passage through which air or the cooling water is moved between the reservoir and the ion filter according to a change in level of the cooling water inside the ion filter.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle is provided to efficiently perform heating of a vehicle interior in a state in which the external temperature is low and heat generated by a heating element is not sufficient in an early stage of driving the vehicle. The heat pump system may include: a compressor; a heat, ventilation, and air condition (HVAC) module; a heat-exchanger; a first expansion valve; an accumulator; a first connection line; a chiller; and a second expansion valve.

Abstract: An embodiment method for controlling a compressor of a vehicle includes selectively controlling an operation of the compressor by determining and comparing a discharge pressure of the compressor and a temperature of an inverter with predetermined values based on data detected in real time when the compressor is operated to cool or heat an interior of the vehicle and operating a protection mode to prevent thermal burnout of the inverter in response to a determination that the discharge pressure of the compressor is higher than an operation stop pressure.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle may include: a compressor configured to compress a refrigerant; and a heat, ventilation, and air condition (HVAC) module including an internal condenser, an evaporator connected to the compressor via a refrigerant line, and an opening/closing door configured to adjust air having passed through the evaporator to be selectively introduced into the internal condenser depending on a cooling mode or a heating mode of the vehicle. The heat pump system may also include: a heat-exchanger connected to the internal condenser via the refrigerant line; a first expansion valve provided in the refrigerant line between the heat-exchanger and the evaporator; a first connection line; a chiller provided in the first connection line so as to adjust the temperature of a coolant by exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the coolant introduced selectively; and a sub-heat-exchanger provided in the refrigerant line.

Abstract: An image processing-based foreign substance detection method in a wireless charging system and a device performing the method are disclosed. A method for detecting a foreign substance includes an operation of acquiring an image of a charging area of a wireless charging system, an operation of detecting, based on an RGB value of a frame of the image, a foreign substance in the charging area, an operation of discriminating a type of the foreign substance, and an operation of performing power control of the wireless charging system according to the type of the foreign substance.

Abstract: An embodiment heat pump system for a vehicle includes a first cooling apparatus that circulates a first coolant in a first coolant line to control a temperature of an electrical component, a second cooling apparatus that circulates a second coolant in a second coolant line to control a temperature of a battery module, a third cooling apparatus that circulates a third coolant in a third coolant line to control a temperature of an autonomous driving controller, and an air conditioning device that circulates a refrigerant along a first refrigerant line to control an indoor temperature of the vehicle, the air conditioning device including a compressor, a condenser, a first expansion valve, and an evaporator all connected through the first refrigerant line, and further including a first chiller, a second chiller, and a connection line.

Abstract: The inventive concept relates to a substrate support unit provided in an apparatus for treating a substrate using plasma. In an embodiment, the substrate support unit includes a dielectric plate on which the substrate is placed, a lower electrode that is disposed under the dielectric plate and that has a first diameter, a power supply rod that applies RF power to the lower electrode and has a second diameter, and a ground member disposed under the lower electrode and spaced apart from the lower electrode by a first gap by an insulating member, the ground member including a plate portion having a through-hole formed therein through which the power supply rod passes, in which the through-hole has a third diameter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing ?? T cells. According to the present invention, ?? T cells with high cell killing ability and cell viability can be produced in a short period of time with high purity and high efficiency by a clinically friendly method, compared to conventionally known general ?? T cell culture methods or culturing methods using support cells, and thus, there is the advantage of increasing the productivity of allogeneic ?? T cell immunotherapeutic agents.

Abstract: Direct protein delivery to plant cells is a useful tool for both fundamental and applied research in plant science. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method of delivering a substance to plant tissue comprising biolistically delivering microparticles coated with the substance to the plant tissue to generate bombarded plant tissue.

Abstract: The present application can provide a thin polarizing plate having excellent antireflection performance in all directions including the side as well as the front, and having excellent folding durability and durability against short wavelengths. In addition, the present application can provide an organic light-emitting display device to which the polarizing plate is applied and a display device comprising the same.

Abstract: A display device includes a polycrystalline semiconductor including a channel and electrodes of a driving transistor; a gate electrode of the driving transistor on the channel of the driving transistor; a first storage electrode on the gate electrode of the driving transistor; a light blocking layer of a first transistor and a light blocking layer of a second transistor; an oxide semiconductor including a channel and electrodes of the first transistor, and a channel and electrodes of the second transistor; a gate electrode of the first transistor on the channel of the first transistor; and a gate electrode of the second transistor on the channel of the second transistor. The light blocking layer of the first transistor and the first storage electrode are on a same layer, and the light blocking layer of the second transistor and the gate electrode of the driving transistor are on a same layer.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle includes a valve, an electrical component cooling apparatus, a battery cooling apparatus, an internal heating apparatus, an internal cooling device, a centralized energy device, and a chiller for controlling a temperature of a battery module by use of a chiller in which a coolant and a refrigerant are heat-exchanged, and for recovering and using heat from various heat sources in a heating mode of a vehicle for indoor heating to improve heating efficiency, wherein the battery coolant line is selectively connectable to the first connection line through a battery coolant connection line connecting the battery coolant line and the first connection line.

Abstract: A polymer separator with improved charge and discharge performance and thermal stability, includes a porous polymer substrate and a coating layer formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer separator. The coating layer includes: functional group bonded to double bond-containing PVDF (DPVDE); and inorganic oxide particles bonded to the functional group.