Abstract: A silicon-carbon containing electrode material includes a porous carbon structure including pores, and a silicon-containing coating formed on the porous carbon structure. A volume ratio of mesopores is 70% or more based on a total pore volume of the porous carbon structure. A weight ratio of silicon is 30 wt % or more based on a total weight of the electrode material. A high-capacity secondary battery is effectively implemented by using silicon-carbon containing electrode material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a catalyst for hydrocracking reaction of high molecular weight components in bio-oil, a method for preparing the same and a method for bio-oil upgrading using the same. The catalyst includes a zeolite carrier; and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru) and cerium (Ce) supported on the carrier. The catalyst promotes the hydrocracking of high molecular weight compounds contained in the bio-oil, but also inhibits the polymerization reaction of the decomposed product, thereby more effectively enhancing the hydrocracking reaction of the bio-oil.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for adjusting an ammonia (NH3) sensor output using readings of a nitrogen oxide (NOx) sensor, the NOx sensor having a sensitivity factor to NH3. In one example, a method may include determining and updating a gain value of the NH3 sensor during zero NOx conditions to be used to calculate a corrected NH3 sensor output value, and determining and updating an offset value of the NH3 sensor during zero NH3 conditions to be used to zero the NH3 sensor during zero NOx conditions.

Abstract: A memory system including a memory controller with channel interfaces connecting memory groups via channels. Each channel interface communicates control, address and/or data (CAD) signals to a channel-connected memory group synchronously with a slave clock derived from an input clock. The various slave clocks being uniquely generated by application of channel interface specific phase/frequency modulation or temporal delay, such that the respective CAD signals are characterized by skewed transition timing.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for treating acute kidney injury using exosome containing NF-?B inhibitors. The present disclosure relates to methods for treating diseases induced by sepsis using exosome containing NF-?B inhibitor. The present disclosure also is related to methods for treating respiratory diseases, such as viral respiratory diseases, using exosome containing NF-?B inhibitor.

Abstract: A memory system including a memory controller with channel interfaces connecting memory groups via channels. Each channel interface communicates control, address and/or data (CAD) signals to a channel-connected memory group synchronously with a slave clock derived from an input clock. The various slave clocks being uniquely generated by application of channel interface specific phase/frequency modulation or temporal delay, such that the respective CAD signals are characterized by skewed transition timing.

Abstract: A memory system including a memory controller with channel interfaces connecting memory groups via channels. Each channel interface communicates control, address and/or data (CAD) signals to a channel-connected memory group synchronously with a slave clock derived from an input clock. The various slave clocks being uniquely generated by application of channel interface specific phase/frequency modulation or temporal delay, such that the respective CAD signals are characterized by skewed transition timing.

Abstract: A memory controller configured to control a memory device including a plurality of banks. The memory controller may determine whether a number of write commands enqueued in a command queue of the memory controller exceeds a reference value, calculate a level of write power to be consumed by the memory device in response to at least some of the write commands from among the enqueued write commands when the number of enqueued write commands exceeds the reference value, and schedule, based on the calculated level of write power, interleaving commands executing an interleaving operation of the memory device, from among the enqueued write commands.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for monitoring a NOx storage capacity of a passive NOx adsorption catalyst (PNA) included in an exhaust gas after-treatment system of an engine. In one example, a method may include, after an engine cold start and prior to an exhaust gas temperature reaching an upper threshold temperature, indicating degradation of the PNA based on an amount of NOx measured downstream of the PNA during a fuel cut event and while the exhaust gas temperature is between a lower threshold temperature and the upper threshold temperature. In this way, degradation of the NOx storage capacity may be inferred based on an amount of NOx released from the PNA and independent of a NOx storage measurement.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for detecting NOx sensor degradation based on results from a NOx sensor self-diagnostic (SD) test performed after a key-off event. In one example, a method may comprise waiting a duration to perform a SD test of a NOx sensor after a key-off event until engine operating conditions stabilize and reach a set of qualifying conditions. One or more SD tests may be performed after waiting the duration, but outputs generated under conditions where one or more of a temperature at the sensor is greater than a threshold, and an oxygen concentration is outside a threshold range, may be excluded when determining whether or not the NOx sensor is degraded.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for indicating crankcase breach due to disconnection of a crankcase vent tube from an engine on a clean air side or broken crankcase vent tube. In one example, a maximum possible change in crankcase vent tube pressure is estimated for each pedal transient of a drive cycle. The change for a plurality of transients in averaged and compared to a threshold to identify vent tube disconnection.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for indicating crankcase breach due to disconnection of a crankcase vent tube from an engine on a clean air side or broken crankcase vent tube. In one example, a maximum possible change in crankcase vent tube pressure is estimated for each pedal transient of a drive cycle. The change for a plurality of transients in averaged and compared to a threshold to identify vent tube disconnection.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for detecting a missing exhaust catalyst based on water adsorption and related exothermic temperature rise by the catalyst. In one example, a method may include indicating an exhaust catalyst missing in response to an estimated exhaust temperature profile being different from an expected exhaust temperature profile. The estimated exhaust temperature profile may be based on exhaust temperature upstream and downstream of the catalyst.

Abstract: A memory controller configured to control a memory device including a plurality of banks. The memory controller may determine whether a number of write commands enqueued in a command queue of the memory controller exceeds a reference value, calculate a level of write power to be consumed by the memory device in response to at least some of the write commands from among the enqueued write commands when the number of enqueued write commands exceeds the reference value, and schedule, based on the calculated level of write power, interleaving commands executing an interleaving operation of the memory device, from among the enqueued write commands.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for monitoring a NOx storage capacity of a passive NOx adsorption catalyst (PNA) included in an exhaust gas after-treatment system of an engine. In one example, a method may include, after an engine cold start and prior to an exhaust gas temperature reaching an upper threshold temperature, indicating degradation of the PNA based on an amount of NOx measured downstream of the PNA during a fuel cut event and while the exhaust gas temperature is between a lower threshold temperature and the upper threshold temperature. In this way, degradation of the NOx storage capacity may be inferred based on an amount of NOx released from the PNA and independent of a NOx storage measurement.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for waking up a powertrain control module of an engine-driven vehicle during engine soak to perform an offset test of an exhaust NOx sensor. In one example, a method includes determining a duration to delay waking up the powertrain control module based on exhaust temperature at vehicle-off, waking up the powertrain control module after the duration has expired, and then initiating heating of the NOx sensor. After the NOx sensor lights off, heating continues for an additional duration before offset testing of the NOx sensor is performed.

Abstract: Provided are a memory device and a memory system including the same. The memory device may include a first memory rank including at least one first memory chip, a memory controller configured to provide a command to the first memory rank, at least one data buffer configured to buffer data input to the at least one first memory chip or being output from the at least one first memory chip, and a second memory rank connected to the first memory rank and comprising at least one second memory chip. The first memory rank may provide training data and a data strobe signal to the second memory rank based on a data training command from the memory controller without the training data and the data strobe signal passing through the data buffer. The second memory rank may determine a delay of the data strobe signal based on the training data being detected by the second memory rank.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for providing passive boost pressure monitoring for slow response with higher confidence. A response time of a boost pressure feedback control loop following a boost pressure deviation that is triggered by either system disturbances or operator torque demand is monitored. Slow boost behavior is correlated with boost control degradation affecting drivability and emissions.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for waking up a powertrain control module of an engine-driven vehicle during engine soak to perform an offset test of an exhaust NOx sensor. In one example, a method includes determining a duration to delay waking up the powertrain control module based on exhaust temperature at vehicle-off, waking up the powertrain control module after the duration has expired, and then initiating heating of the NOx sensor. After the NOx sensor lights off, heating continues for an additional duration before offset testing of the NOx sensor is performed.

Abstract: Embodiments for estimating intake air humidity in an engine are provided. In one example, an engine method comprises adjusting an engine parameter in response to intake air humidity estimated based on a concentration of one or more engine-out emissions. In this way, one or more exhaust emission sensors may be used to estimate intake air humidity.