Abstract: The disclosed technology separates session management function signaling from the AMF. In particular, an SMF key is created for each SMF following the AMF generating an SM context request that contains gNB information and UE subscription information. Each PDU session creates a direct connection between the SMF and a local gNB. The gNB communicates with each SMF directly over a new interface (N3-C) for session management that is independent of the N2 interface used by the gNB to communicate with the AMF for mobility management. In this way, each SMF independently handles NAS signaling with the UE, using the SMF key and gNB related session-management signaling over an independent interface with the gNB. This removes the burden of relaying these communications through the AMF, which is then freed up to solely to handle mobility management signaling, resulting in an improved architecture.

Abstract: The present technology is directed to establishing a connection between a client device within a 2G or 3G network and 5G core through an interworking function. The present technology can perform establishing a Gn-4G interworking function (IWF) between a client access network and a packet anchor network and performing one or more network functions through the Gn-4G IWF in providing a client of the client access network access to network services through the packet anchor network. The one or more network functions appear as one or more Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) functions from the client access network (e.g., 2G or 3G network). The one or more network functions concurrently appear as one or more S4 Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) functions from the packet anchor network (e.g., 4G or 5G network).

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method for establishing a connection of a mobile terminal to a mobile radio communication network is described comprising a radio access network of a mobile radio communication network receiving a connection request from a mobile terminal, the radio access network establishing a control plane communication having as a first endpoint the radio access network, the radio access network forwarding the mobile terminal's connection request to a first common control plane function via the control plane communication, the radio access network receiving a message indicating that the second endpoint of the control plane communication should be set to the second common control plane function and the radio access network setting the second endpoint of the control plane communication to the second common control plane function.

Abstract: A system is provided for supporting roaming between LTE EPC network and 5G network of a first mobile network operator by 5GC network of a second network operator. The system may include the EPC network including a serving gateway in communication with a 4G base station being in the EPC network. The system may also include the 5G network of the first mobile network operator including a vSMF in communication with a 5G base station being in the 5G network of the first network operator. The system may also include the 5GC network of the second network operator including a hSMF. The vSMF is configured to receive a communication from the serving gateway to anchor mobility between the LTE EPC network and the 5G network of the first mobile network operator, and to communicate with the hSMF in the 5GC network of the second network operator using 5G roaming interfaces.

Abstract: The present technology is directed to establishing a connection between a client device within a 2G or 3G network and 5G core through an interworking function. The present technology can perform establishing a Gn-4G interworking function (IWF) between a client access network and a packet anchor network and performing one or more network functions through the Gn-4G IWF in providing a client of the client access network access to network services through the packet anchor network. The one or more network functions appear as one or more Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) functions from the client access network (e.g., 2G or 3G network). The one or more network functions concurrently appear as one or more S4 Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) functions from the packet anchor network (e.g., 4G or 5G network).

Abstract: A control plane (CP) function for session management performs a procedure for establishing local traffic offloading for a user equipment (UE) in a mobile network having an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and Fifth Generation (5G) converged core that supports communications via a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) radio access network (RAN) and a Fifth Generation (5G) RAN. Initially, a connection is established for the UE via the LTE RAN, where the connection includes a first bearer between the LTE RAN and a central serving gateway-user plane (SGW-U) at a central location, and a second bearer between the central SGW-U and a central packet gateway-user plane (PGW-U) at the central location. The CP function inserts a local SGW-U at an edge location and subsequently inserts a local intermediate user plane function (I-UPF) with an uplink classifier (UL-CL) at the edge location for enabling edge offload of traffic from the LTE RAN.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are storage-stable ephedrine single-phase solution compositions, comprising 4 mg/mL to 6 mg/mL of ephedrine, a pH adjuster comprising acetic acid, and water, wherein the composition has a pH between 4.5 and 5.0; and wherein the pH drift of the composition is less than 0.5 after storage over at least two months at 25° C. and 60% relative humidity. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method for establishing a connection of a mobile terminal to a mobile radio communication network is described comprising a first common control plane function of a mobile radio communication network receiving a connection request from a mobile terminal; the first common control plane function authenticating the mobile terminal including generating an authentication context of the mobile terminal; the first common control plane function forwarding the connection request and transmitting the authentication context of the mobile terminal to a second common control plane function of the mobile radio communication network and the second common control plane function connecting the mobile terminal to the mobile radio communication network.

Abstract: The disclosed technology separates session management function signaling from the AMF. In particular, an SMF key is created for each SMF following the AMF generating an SM context request that contains gNB information and UE subscription information. Each PDU session creates a direct connection between the SMF and a local gNB. The gNB communicates with each SMF directly over a new interface (N3-C) for session management that is independent of the N2 interface used by the gNB to communicate with the AMF for mobility management. In this way, each SMF independently handles NAS signaling with the UE, using the SMF key and gNB related session-management signaling over an independent interface with the gNB. This removes the burden of relaying these communications through the AMF, which is then freed up to solely to handle mobility management signaling, resulting in an improved architecture.

Abstract: The present technology is directed to establishing a connection between a client device within a 2G or 3G network and 5G core through an interworking function. The present technology can perform establishing a Gn-4G interworking function (IWF) between a client access network and a packet anchor network and performing one or more network functions through the Gn-4G IWF in providing a client of the client access network access to network services through the packet anchor network. The one or more network functions appear as one or more Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) functions from the client access network (e.g., 2G or 3G network). The one or more network functions concurrently appear as one or more S4 Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) functions from the packet anchor network (e.g., 4G or 5G network).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are storage-stable ephedrine single-phase solution compositions, comprising 4 mg/mL to 6 mg/mL of ephedrine, a pH adjuster comprising acetic acid, and water, wherein the composition has a pH between 4.5 and 5.0; and wherein the pH drift of the composition is less than 0.5 after storage over at least two months at 25° C. and 60% relative humidity. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: UE (50) includes a mapping information retaining unit (57) that retains association information in which a type of EPS bearer configured in 4G and a type of QoS flow that corresponds to the service quality and is configured in 5G are associated, and a handover executing unit (59) that acquires, by using the association information, association between the EPS bearer configured by the UE (50) and the QoS flow configured by the UE (50), and executes handover between the EPS bearer and the QoS flow associated with each other.

Abstract: A method enables communication between Session Management Function (SMF) and User Plane Function (UPF) instances which are separately deployed behind Network Address Translation (NAT) services. The method includes configuring an SMF or a UPF to initiate an association with a corresponding UPF or SMF. The SMF registers first information with a Network Repository Function (NRF) enabling the remote UPF to communicate with the SMF through a NAT service. The method further includes obtaining second information from the NRF enabling the SMF to communicate with the remote UPF through the NAT service. The method also includes sending an association request to the remote UPF based on the second information and receiving an association response from the remote UPF through the NAT service.

Abstract: A method enables communication between Session Management Function (SMF) and User Plane Function (UPF) instances which are separately deployed behind Network Address Translation (NAT) services. The method includes configuring an SMF or a UPF to initiate an association with a corresponding UPF or SMF. The SMF registers first information with a Network Repository Function (NRF) enabling the remote UPF to communicate with the SMF through a NAT service. The method further includes obtaining second information from the NRF enabling the SMF to communicate with the remote UPF through the NAT service. The method also includes sending an association request to the remote UPF based on the second information and receiving an association response from the remote UPF through the NAT service.

Abstract: Presented herein are techniques to facilitate that enable notifications to be sent to multiple consumers for Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) architectures. In one example, a method is provided that may include obtaining, at a first network entity, a notification subscription message from a second network entity, the notification subscription message comprising a plurality of notification identifiers associated with the second network entity for notifications that are to be communicated to the second network entity, wherein the plurality of notification identifiers are indicated, at least in part, in a header of the notification subscription message; and communicating one or more notifications to the second network entity, wherein the one or more notifications are load-shared among the plurality of notification identifiers associated with the second network entity.

Abstract: A radio communication method according to the present invention supports Dual registration in which the same UE (50) is simultaneously registered on 4G and 5G. The radio communication method includes the UE (50) requesting connection to EPC and transmitting, to the 4G, Attach Request that includes Dual registration indication that indicates that the UE (50) has been dually registered, and MME (100) that constitutes the 4G notifying, after the Attach Request has been acquired, HSS (110) of the Dual registration indication that indicates that the UE (50) has been dually registered.

Abstract: A method enables communication between Session Management Function (SMF) and User Plane Function (UPF) instances which are separately deployed behind Network Address Translation (NAT) services. The method includes configuring an SMF or a UPF to initiate an association with a corresponding UPF or SMF. The SMF registers first information with a Network Repository Function (NRF) enabling the remote UPF to communicate with the SMF through a NAT service. The method further includes obtaining second information from the NRF enabling the SMF to communicate with the remote UPF through the NAT service. The method also includes sending an association request to the remote UPF based on the second information and receiving an association response from the remote UPF through the NAT service.

Abstract: Provided are an anchor point control device and an anchor point control method that make it possible to select a more suitable anchor point when dynamically changing an anchor point (route switching point). An ME (300) acquires user information indicating at least either an attribute or a state of UE (100), and selects an anchor point out of an anchor point AL and an anchor point AC based on the acquired user information. In addition, the ME (300) notifies the UE 100 of the selected anchor point.

Abstract: A network node includes control plane functionality for managing a session of a user equipment (UE) which is anchored at a User Plane Function (UPF) anchor for communicating traffic between the UE and a data network. The node operates to obtain, from an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), a session context request responsive to a handover indication indicating a handover of the session from a Fifth Generation System (5GS) to an Evolved Packet System (EPS). The node identifies whether an uplink classifier (UL-CL) UPF is in use for local offloading to a local UPF anchor for delivery to a local area data network. Based on the identifying, the node obtains uplink tunnel information of the UL-CL UPF instead of the UPF anchor for establishing at least one bearer for the session and sends to the AMF a session context response including the uplink tunnel information of the UL-CL UPF.

Abstract: A network slice controller obtains health information of an active network slice provided by a first vendor and health information of a set of backup network slices provided by a second vendor. The network slice controller evaluates, using a set of policies corresponding to management of the active network slice, the health information of the active network slice to determine whether the active network slice has failed. As a result of the failure of the active network slice, the network slice controller identifies one or more backup network slices of the set of backup network slices to serve as new active network slices. The network slice controller activates these one or more backup network slices to serve as the new active network slices for the network.