Abstract: A process and equipment for generating useful power comprising a special split stream heat recovery boiler 108 in combination with a gas turbine 20 and a steam turbine 80 to form a combined cycle. A steam-injected gas turbine 20 and alternately a condensing steam turbine 116 may be utilized. A topping high temperature and high pressure topping steam turbine 80 optionally may be included. Chemical heat recuperation via natural gas reformation may be incorporated within the boiler 108 to increase cycle efficiency further and to lower NOx formation without excess CO. The heat recovery boiler 206 yields increased efficiency and power output heretofore unexpected for the combined cycle compared to conventional combined cycle equipment.

Abstract: A compression intercooled gas turbine and vapor bottoming combined cycle system with the gas turbine operating at 30 to 65 atmospheres is disclosed. A twin spool hot gas generator incorporates compression intercooling at the optimum intercooler pressure ratio to (a) minimize intercooler heat rejection degradation, (b) raise the overall cycle pressure ratio, (c) increase gas generator core mass flow and (d) to increase the gas turbine power output. The gas turbine can operate in either the simple cycle or the reheat cycle mode for optimum combined cycle efficiency. A combined cycle efficiency upwards of 60 percent can be realized.

Abstract: A process for producing work comprises passing a combustion gas stream through a gas nozzle which directs the steam onto the rotatable blades of an expansion turbine. The trailing edge of the air-foil shaped vanes which form the gas nozzle is cooled by passing coolant steam through the interior of said vanes and passing said steam through a plurality of said spaced steam nozzles contained at the trailing edge of the vanes. Disruption of the laminar steam film on the surfaces of the nozzle ensures increased heat transfer.

Abstract: A process for generating useful power comprises the use of a combined reheat gas turbine and steam turbine cycle. The use of second generation high pressure-ratio, high-firing temperature gas generators in combination with linear axial diffusion prior to reheating the gas yields increased efficiency and output heretofore unexpected from reheat gas and combined cycles.

Abstract: A process for producing work comprises passing a combustion gas stream through a gas nozzle which directs the stream onto the rotatable blades of an expansion turbine. A fluid having a sonic velocity greater than the combustion gas is directed against and across the air-foil shaped vanes which form the nozzle at sonic velocity allowing the gas stream to accelerate to beyond Mach 1 without excessive loss of pressure. The fluid such as steam can be used to cool the vanes prior to entering the gas stream.

Abstract: A compression intercooled gas generator operating at high-cycle pressure ratios of 35 to 65 atmospheres to furnish hot pressurized gas sequentially to a diffuser, to a reheat combustor and then to a power turbine. An associated method of compression intercooling with an optimum intercooling pressure ratio to minimize overall combined-cycle efficiency degradation when said gas generator, diffuser, reheat combustor and power turbine are operating in conjunction with a heat-recovery boiler and a steam or vapor turbine. A coaxial shafting arrangement for driving the low-pressure and high-pressure compressor sections. A pressure-retaining casing arrangement enclosing the high-pressure portion of said gas generator to contain the higher than normal pressure of said gas generator.

Abstract: A reheat gas and double reheat steam turbine combined cycle is provided in which the outer shell confining the blading of the power turbine and the exhaust portion of the power turbine are cooled with steam extracted from the steam cycle. The coolant steam is extracted from a high pressure steam turbine, used to cool the turbine outer shell, readmitted for expansion in the steam turbine, the lower pressure steam is extracted to cool the exhaust portion of the power turbine and readmitted to the steam turbine and condensed.

Abstract: A first stage gas nozzle for directing a combustion gas stream onto the rotatable blades of a gas turbine contains a plurality of spaced air-foil shaped vanes, each vane containing a steam nozzle to direct steam as a thermal barrier over the exterior surfaces of the vane. A steam nozzle in the trailing edge of each vane directs heated coolant steam from the interior of the vane to the gas streams. Disruption of the laminar steam film in the trailing edge steam nozzle such as by the provocation of a shock wave or by diffusion separation exposes the bare surfaces of the trailing edge steam nozzle to the coolant steam thereby improving heat transfer at the extreme trailing edge of the vane.

Abstract: A reheat gas and double reheat steam turbine combined cycle is provided in which the outer compressor shell and gas generator turbine are cooled with steam to control tip clearance of the rotating blades of the compressor and gas generator turbine with the respective shells which confine the blading. Steam cooling of the gas generator turbine blading as well as the low and high pressure gas generator shafts are also provided.

Abstract: A process for producing work comprises passing a combustion gas stream through a gas nozzle which directs the stream onto the rotatable blades of an expansion turbine. A fluid having a sonic velocity greater than the combustion gas is directed against and across the air-foil shaped vanes which form the nozzle at sonic velocity allowing the gas stream to accelerate to beyond Mach 1 without excessive loss of pressure. The fluid such as steam can be used to cool the vanes prior to entering the gas stream.

Abstract: A combustor for producing a combustion gas stream turns the gas exiting therefrom to direct the gas stream at a first stage nozzle at a more advantageous angle of attack. The combustor is formed of a plurality of sections, each section containing a plurality of U-shaped steam coils placed askew to the linear axis if the combustor, the bend of the tubes forming the dome and the legs forming the respective inner and outer surfaces of the annulus.

Abstract: A reheat gas and double reheat steam turbine combined cycle is provided in which the outer compressor shell and gas generator turbine are modified for steam cooling to control tip clearances of the rotating blades of the compressor and gas generator turbine with the respective shells which confine the blading.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for generating useful power comprises the use of a combined reheat gas turbine and steam turbine cycle. The combined cycle optionally includes the superheating of steam and the reheating of steam in the reheat combustor of the reheat gas turbine. The use of second generation high pressure-ratio, high-firing temperature gas generators in the combined cycle of the present invention yields increased efficiency and output heretofore unexpected from reheat gas and combined cycles.

Abstract: Steam-cooling with a steam thermal barrier for reheat gas turbine vanes and blades offers advantages over cooling with air or water at the higher temperatures characteristic of existing high temperature gas turbines, in particular when coupled with a reheat steam cycle. Consequently, in such a combined cycle higher cycle efficiency is obtainable for gas turbine initial firing temperatures of about 2500.degree. F. (1371.degree. C.) and 2050.degree. F. (1121.degree. C.) reheat temperatures where over-all combined cycle degradation resulting from steam cooling is below about 1%. A proposed combined reheat gas turbine and steam turbine cycle includes a gas turbine having steam-cooled components operating at a cycle pressure ratio of about 38 without intercooling and included steam superheating in the reheat combustor.

Abstract: Steam-cooling with a steam thermal barrier for reheat gas turbine vanes and blades offers advantages over cooling with air or water at the higher temperatures characteristic of existing high temperature gas tubines, in particular when coupled with a reheat steam cycle. Consequently, in such a combined cycle, higher cycle efficiency is obtainable for gas turbine initial firing temperatures of about 2500.degree. F. (1371.degree. C.) and 2050.degree. F. (1121.degree. C.) reheat temperatures where over-all combined cycle degradation resulting from steam cooling is below about 1%. A proposed combined reheat gas turbine and steam turbine cycle includes a gas turbine having steam-cooled components operating at a cycle pressure ratio of about 38 without intercooling and includes steam superheating in the reheat combustor.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for generating useful power comprises the use of a combined reheat gas turbine and steam turbine cycle. The combined cycle optionally includes the superheating of steam and the reheating of steam in the reheat combustor of the reheat gas turbine. The use of second generation high-ratio, high-firing temperature gas generators in the combined cycle of the present invention yields increased efficiency and output heretofore unexpected from reheat gas and combined cycles.