Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte solution of which electrolyte salt concentration is high and by which cycle characteristics hardly deteriorate and battery lifetime can be extended, and a lithium ion secondary battery which contains the above electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution of the present invention comprises an electrolyte salt and a solvent, wherein a concentration of the electrolyte salt is more than 1.1 mol/L, the electrolyte salt contains a compound represented by the following formula (1): (XSO2) (FSO2)NLi (1) (wherein X is a fluorine atom, a C1-6 alkyl group or a C1-6 fluoroalkyl group), and the solvent contains a cyclic carbonate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ionic compound containing a cyanoborate; a process for production thereof; and an electrolytic solution and a device. The electrolytic solution comprises an ionic compound represented by general formula (1) and a solvent, Mn+([B(CN)4-mYm]?)n??(1) wherein Mn+ represents an organic or inorganic cation having a valency of 1 to 3; Y represents a halogen, a hydrocarbon group which has a main chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and which may optionally contain a halogen, —C(O)R14, —S(O)lR14, —Z(R14)2, or —XR14; R14 represents H, a halogen, or an organic substituent group which has a main chain having 1 to 10 atoms; Z represents N or P; X represents O or S; R13 represents H, or an hydrocarbon group which has a main chain having 1 to 10 atoms; l represents an integer of 1 to 2; m and n represent an integer of 1 to 3 respectively.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte solution of which electrolyte salt concentration is high and by which cycle characteristics hardly deteriorate and battery lifetime can be extended, and a lithium ion secondary battery which contains the above electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution of the present invention comprises an electrolyte salt and a solvent, wherein a concentration of the electrolyte salt is more than 1.1 mol/L, the electrolyte salt contains a compound represented by the following formula (1): (XSO2) (FSO2)NLi (1) (wherein X is a fluorine atom, a C1-6 alkyl group or a C1-6 fluoroalkyl group), and the solvent contains a cyclic carbonate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a stable electrolyte material that provides high safety, exhibits favorable ionic conductivity not only at room temperature but also in the low temperature range at or below room temperature, has excellent reduction resistance, and can be suitably used as a material of a lithium ion cell. The electrolyte material includes, as essential components, a specific polymer having an ether bond in a side chain thereof, and a specific electrolyte salt.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ionic compound containing a cyanoborate; a process for production thereof; and an electrolytic solution and a device, each utilizing the ionic compound. The electrolytic solution of the present invention comprises an ionic compound represented by general formula (1) and a solvent. Further, a production process of the present invention comprises reacting a compound represented by general formula (8) with a substitution reaction reagent to obtain a compound represented by general formula (1).

Abstract: The present invention provides a stable electrolyte material that provides high safety, exhibits favorable ionic conductivity not only at room temperature but also in the low temperature range at or below room temperature, has excellent reduction resistance, and can be suitably used as a material of a lithium ion cell. The electrolyte material includes, as essential components, a specific polymer having an ether bond in a side chain thereof, and a specific electrolyte salt.

Abstract: In the method of the present invention for producing fatty acid alkyl ester and/or glycerin, as a heat source for an alcohol refining step of refining alcohol from unreacted alcohol that remains without reacting in a first reaction step, at least a part of heat of the unreacted alcohol is used. This allows reducing costs in production of fatty acid alkyl ester and/or glycerin over a solid catalyst.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide means for preparing a monosaccharide by efficiently hydrolyzing a polysaccharide. In particular, in a method that uses a homogeneous acid catalyst to obtain a monosaccharide from a polysaccharide, a low energy, low cost catalytic separation method is provided, and in addition, a method for obtaining high reaction selectivity is provided. In addition, provided is a homogeneous acid catalyst separation method that separates a homogeneous acid catalyst from a homogeneous acid catalyst-containing solution with high efficiency and realizes a high homogeneous acid catalyst recovery ratio at low energy costs, and that is applicable to a variety of reaction systems.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a fatty acid alkyl ester and/or glycerin by bringing an oil and an alcohol into contact with each other, the method including: reacting the oil and alcohol with each other; performing solid-liquid separation for removing a solid sterol from a reaction liquid obtained in the step of reacting; and performing phase separation for separating the reaction liquid into a hydrophobic phase and a hydrophilic phase after the reaction liquid is subjected to the step of performing the solid-liquid separation, the hydrophobic phase containing the fatty acid alkyl ester, and the hydrophilic phase containing glycerin. Thereby, the present invention provides a method allowing stable continuous operation for a long time period for production of a fatty acid alkyl ester and/or glycerin.

Abstract: In the method of the present invention for producing fatty acid alkyl ester and/or glycerin, as a heat source for an alcohol refining step of refining alcohol from unreacted alcohol that remains without reacting in a first reaction step, at least a part of heat of the unreacted alcohol is used. This allows reducing costs in production of fatty acid alkyl ester and/or glycerin over a solid catalyst.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing process by which a pellet-shaped nonionic alkylene oxide resin can be obtained in a manner which is excellent in stability, economical efficiency and productivity and easy, wherein the pellet-shaped nonionic alkylene oxide resin, as a high-molecular material useful in a variety of applications, has a suitable molecular weight Mw and physical properties and is also excellent in the stability of the physical properties and further is also excellent in the handling property after the manufacture. As a means of achieving this object, the process for manufacturing a pellet-shaped nonionic alkylene oxide resin, according to the present invention, comprises the steps of: obtaining a nonionic alkylene oxide resin having fluidity by volatilizing a solvent from a nonionic alkylene oxide resin solution obtained in advance by solution polymerization; and then pelletizing the nonionic alkylene oxide resin having fluidity.

Abstract: The residual amount of a solvent in a water soluble nonionic alkylene oxide resin is decreased in an apparatus including an evaporation vessel and a stirring blade which scrapes-up and coats resin solution onto the inner wall surface of the evaporation vessel. A water soluble nonionic alkylene oxide resin having a crystallization temperature of 10 to 60° C. is extruded to a predetermined thickness in a molten state, the extruded molten resin is brought into contact with a metal surface which is at the crystallization temperature (Tc) or lower, and the thereby solidified resin may be cut into pellets. The resin pellets preferably are of rectangular shape and prescribed dimensions. The resin may be pulverized in a pulverizer by shearing force between a rotary blade and a fixed blade. In the pulverizer, grains smaller than a predetermined size pass through the screen, while larger grains are again pulverized.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising dielectric particles and an insulating liquid and characterized by exhibiting a viscosity of not more than 0.2 Pa.cndot.s at a shear rate of 33/s when measured at 25.degree. C. in the absence of supply of an electric field and a structural viscosity satisfying the condition of the formula (1):0.01 Pa.cndot.s.ltoreq..eta..sub.1 -.eta..sub.2 .ltoreq.0.5 Pa.cndot.s (1)wherein .eta..sub.1 is a viscosity in at a shear rate of 3.3/s when measured at 25.degree. C. in the absence of supply of an electric field and .eta..sub.2 is a viscosity in at a shear rate of 33/s when measured at 25.degree. C. in the absence of supply of an electric field. This electrorheological fluid generates a large shear stress, exhibits an excellent current property and an excellent durability, and excels particularly in dispersion stability, redispersibility and fluidity.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising a dielectric particle as the dispersed phase, an insulating oil as the dispersing medium, and an additive, the additive being substantially insoluble in the dispersing medium, and being a composite containing a polysiloxane-containing structural unit (A), and at least one dispersed phase absorbing chain-containing structural unit (B) selected from the group consisting of an alkylene oxide chain-containing structural unit (B-1), a nitrogen atom chain-containing structural unit (B-2), and a long hydrocarbon chain-containing structural unit (B-3).

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid composition comprising a dispersion of disperse-phase particles formed of a sulfonated polymer possessing aromatic rings substituted with sulfonic acid groups in an electrically non-conducting oil which electrorheological fluid is characterized by the fact that the number of sulfonic acid groups in said sulfonated polymer forming said disperse-phase particles exceeds the number of aromatic rings present in said sulfonated polymer.

Abstract: An electroreheological field comprising a dielectric particle as the dispersed phase, an insulating oil as the dispersing medium, and an additive, the additive being substantially insoluble in the dipersing medium, and being a composite containing a polysiloxane-containing structural unit (A), and at least one dispersed phase absorbing chain-containing structural unit (B) selected from the group consisting of an alkylene oxide chain-containing structural unit (B-1), a nitrogen atom chain-containing structural unit (B-2), and a long hydrocarbon chain-containing structural unit (B-3).