Abstract: The invention relates in general to methods of controlled mixing one fluid with another. In particular it relates to a distributed direct fluid contactor including arrays of streamlined perforated tubes distributed across a flow to efficiently contact and mix one or more fluids flowing through one or more tubes with a second fluid flowing across those tubes. These distributed contactors thereby mix the fluids in a substantially uniform fashion causing a prescribed uniformity or variation in the ratio of the first to second fluid across the space. This thereby to generally creates and controls the physical and/or chemical changes in those fluids, including evaporation, condensation, forming powders and conducting chemical reactions including combustion.

Abstract: A power generating system and method operating at high pressure and utilizing a working fluid consisting of a mixture of compressed non-flammable air components, fuel combustion products and steam. The working fluid is substantially free of CO and NOx. Fuel and compressed air at an elevated temperature and at a constant pressure are delivered to a combustion chamber, the amount of air being chosen so that at least about 90% of the oxygen in the air is consumed during combustion. The quantity of air and fuel supplied to the combustion chamber may be varied provided a constant fuel to air ratio is maintained. Superheated water is delivered under pressure to the combustion chamber, and is converted substantially instantaneously to steam. The quantity of water delivered is controlled such that the latent heat of vaporization of the water maintains the temperature of the working fluid at a desired level.

Abstract: A power generating system and method operating at high pressure and utilizing a working fluid consisting of a mixture of compressed non-flammable air components, fuel combustion products and steam. The working fluid is substantially free of CO and NOx. Fuel and compressed air at an elevated temperature and at a constant pressure are delivered to a combustion chamber, the amount of air being chosen so that at least about 90% of the oxygen in the air is consumed during combustion. The quantity of air and fuel supplied to the combustion chamber may be varied provided a constant fuel to air ratio is maintained. Superheated water is delivered under pressure to the combustion chamber, and is converted substantially instantaneously to steam. The quantity of water delivered is controlled such that the latent heat of vaporization of the water maintains the temperature of the working fluid at a desired level.

Abstract: A power generating system is described which operates at high pressure and utilizes a working fluid consisting of a mixture of compressed non-flammable air components, fuel combustion products and steam. The working fluid exiting the power generating system is substantially free of NOx and CO. Working fluid is provided at constant pressure and temperature. Combustion air is supplied by one or more stages of compression. Fuel is injected at pressure as needed. At least about 40% of the oxygen in the compressed air is consumed when the fuel is burned. Inert liquid is injected at high pressure to produce working an inert mass of high specific heat diluent vapor for use for internal cooling of the combustion chamber. The use of non-flammable liquid injection inhibits the formation of pollutants, increases the efficiency and available horsepower from the system, and reduces specific fuel consumption.

Abstract: A vapor-air steam engine is described which operates at high pressure and utilizes a working fluid consisting of a mixture of compressed uncombusted air components, fuel combustion products and steam.In the new cycle described, working fluid is provided at constant pressure and temperatures. Combustion air is supplied adiabatically by one or more stages of compression. Fuel is injected at pressure as needed. At least about 40% to all of compressed air is burned. Inert liquid is injected at high pressure to produce steam and thus provide an inert high specific heat diluent vapor required for internal cooling of an internal combustion turbine or other type system.The use of extensive liquid injection inhibits the formation of pollutants, increases the efficiency and horsepower of an engine, and reduces specific fuel consumption. The new cycle may also be operated open or closed; in the latter case, the liquid may be recouped via condensation for regenerative reuse.

Abstract: A vapor-air steam engine is described which operates at high pressure and utilizes a working fluid consisting of a mixture of compressed air, fuel combustion products and steam. In the new cycle described working fluid is provided at constant pressure and temperatures. Combustion air is supplied adiabatically by one or more stages of compression. Fuel is injected at pressure as needed. From 40% to all of compressed air is burned. Water is discretely injected at high pressure to produce steam and thus provide an inert high specific heat diluent required for internal cooling of an internal combustion turbine or other type system. The use of extensive water injection inhibits the formation of pollutants, increases the efficiency and horsepower of an engine, and reduces specific fuel consumption. The new cycle may also be operated open or closed; in the latter case, water may be recouped via condensation for regenerative reuse.

Abstract: A power generating system is described which operates at high pressure and utilizes a working fluid consisting of a mixture of compressed non-flammable air components, fuel combustion products and steam. The working fluid exiting the power generating system is substantially free of NOx and CO. Working fluid is provided at constant pressure and temperature. Combustion air is supplied by one or more stages of compression. Fuel is injected at pressure as needed. At least about 40% of the oxygen in the compressed air is consumed when the fuel is burned. Inert liquid is injected at high pressure to produce working an inert mass of high specific heat diluent vapor for use for internal cooling of the combustion chamber. The use of non-flammable liquid injection inhibits the formation of pollutants, increases the efficiency and available horsepower from the system, and reduces specific fuel consumption.