Abstract: Stirrer (1) for stirring molten glass (16), whereby the stirrer (1) comprises —a shaft (2) having a tip (4) and having a central longitudinal axis (L), and —one or more inner stirrer blades (5,6) which are attached to the shaft (2), and —one or more outer stirrer blades (7,8) which are attached to the shaft (2), whereby the inner stirrer blades (5,6) are attached closer to the shaft (2) than the outer stirrer blades (7,8), whereby, when considering the stirrer in a cylindrical coordinate system (11), both the one or more inner stirrer blades (5,6) as well as the one or more outer stirrer blades (7,8) are disposed at an angle (?, ?) to the central longitudinal axis (L), whereby said angle (?, ?) is between 0° and 90° not including these values, and are disposed having a least a blade section with a normal vector (N, P, Q, R), on the side directed towards the tip (4), with an angular component (NA, PA, QA, RA).

Abstract: Stirrer (1) for stirring molten glass (16), whereby the stirrer (1) comprises—a shaft (2) having a tip (4) and having a central longitudinal axis (L), and—one or more inner stirrer blades (5,6) which are attached to the shaft (2), and—one or more outer stirrer blades (7,8) which are attached to the shaft (2), whereby the inner stirrer blades (5,6) are attached closer to the shaft (2) than the outer stirrer blades (7,8), whereby, when considering the stirrer in a cylindrical coordinate system (11), both the one or more inner stirrer blades (5,6) as well as the one or more outer stirrer blades (7,8) are disposed at an angle (?, ?) to the central longitudinal axis (L), whereby said angle (?, ?) is between 0° and 90° not including these values, and are disposed having a least a blade section with a normal vector (N, P, Q, R), on the side directed towards the tip (4), with an angular component (NA, PA, QA, RA).

Abstract: A heating apparatus for the conductive heating of melts, in particular for the rapid melting-down, refining and/or conditioning of melts, is provided. The heating apparatus includes at least one electrode, as well as a first cooling system with a cooling power, which can be set and/or controlled variably.

Abstract: At least two electrodes are mounted in a wall of a melting furnace for melting glass or glass ceramics to supply electric current for additional heating of the melt. Each electrode includes a first section with a heating element and a second section with a cooling device. The first section is assigned to an interior of the melting furnace and the second section is assigned to a side of the wall of the melting furnace facing away from the glass melt. In the method energy is supplied to the glass melt by the electrodes of the present invention, the first section of each electrode is heated with the heating element, and the second section is cooled with the cooling device. Advantageously the heating element is a non-inductive resistor element and the cooling device operates with a cooling liquid.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for the conductive heating of melts, in particular for the rapid melting-down, refining and/or conditioning of melts, is provided. The heating apparatus includes at least one electrode, as well as a first cooling system with a cooling power, which can be set and/or controlled variably.