Abstract: A method for producing a mold segment component of a vulcanizing mold for a pneumatic vehicle tire for forming at least one profile block or a region structured in a block-like manner of an altogether curved tread, with a tread outer surface, which mold segment component is built up by means of an additive process, such as selective laser melting, by layer-by-layer planar application and melting of a metal powder on a planar building plate (10) together with a bottom part (7b) and mold elements, such as lamellae (4) and/or microlamellae (11) and/or ribs and/or regions of ribs, wherein mold elements delimit or run around mutually adjacent mold area elements (12) of the bottom part (7b) which have outer surfaces (12a) forming a region of the tread outer surface.

Abstract: A method for producing a mold segment of a vulcanizing mold for a pneumatic vehicle tire for forming the profiling of a tread, having a metallic base part (6) with a mold side with ribs (3) which form channels encircling or delimiting profile elements. A rib skeleton (8) consisting of ribs (8?), the arrangement and the profile of which at least partially corresponds to the arrangement and the profile of ribs (3) forming channels, is milled from the base part (6), inserts (7) with peripheral frame parts (7b) are built up by means of an additive method, the inserts (7) being inserted into the rib skeleton (8) and the frame parts (7b) completing the ribs (8?) of the rib skeleton (8) to form the ribs (3) forming the channels.

Abstract: A pneumatic vehicle tire having a tread with profile blocks (4) formed by circumferential or diagonal grooves (1) and by transverse grooves (2), said profile blocks (4) each being provided with at least one sipe (5) that is straight or slightly curved in plan view, extends at least substantially parallel to the transverse grooves (2) and has a width of 0.3 mm to 2.0 mm, wherein the sipe (5) is bounded by two sipe walls (6), and wherein at least one protrusion (8) is provided on each of the otherwise unstructured sipe walls (6). The protrusion (8) formed on one sipe wall (6) is offset in the direction of extent of the sipe (5) with respect to the protrusion (8) formed on the other sipe wall (6), without a mutual overlap.

Abstract: A pneumatic vehicle tire having a tread with profile blocks (4) formed by circumferential or diagonal grooves (1) and by transverse grooves (2), said profile blocks (4) each being provided with at least one sipe (5) that is straight or slightly curved in plan view, extends at least substantially parallel to the transverse grooves (2) and has a width of 0.3 mm to 2.0 mm, wherein the sipe (5) is bounded by two sipe walls (6), and wherein at least one protrusion (8) is provided on each of the otherwise unstructured sipe walls (6). The protrusion (8) formed on one sipe wall (6) is offset in the direction of extent of the sipe (5) with respect to the protrusion (8) formed on the other sipe wall (6), without a mutual overlap.

Abstract: Venting unit for a vulcanizing mold of a pneumatic vehicle tire, having a central longitudinal mid-axis (a), a cylindrical housing, and a valve insert, which is positioned in the housing and is movable relative thereto and has a valve shank with a valve disk and has a helical compression spring, which surrounds the valve shank and is supported with its one end on the housing and with its other end on the valve disk, it being possible for the housing to be anchored in a venting bore of the vulcanizing mold by a press fit. The housing can be anchored in the venting bore by a press fit just over 30% to 45% of the housing length and at least directly at the outer end of the venting bore.

Abstract: A ventilation unit for a vulcanization mold of a vehicle pneumatic tire has a cylindrical housing that can be pressed into a ventilation hole of the mold, and a valve insert that can be positioned in the housing and has a valve shaft which has a base section which, at the one end thereof, has an end section guided through an opening in the housing base and held by the housing, at the other end thereof carries a valve disc and is also surrounded by a helical compression spring, wherein the end section of the valve shaft that is held by the housing is divided in two by a slot and has end section parts formed as projections, wherein each projection has at the widest point thereof has a collar and inclined surfaces tapering from the collar, and wherein inclined surfaces are provided in the opening section of the opening.

Abstract: Venting unit for a vulcanizing mold of a pneumatic vehicle tire, having a cylindrical housing, which can be pressed into a venting bore of the vulcanizing mold, and a valve insert, which is positioned in the housing and is movable relative thereto and has a valve shank with a valve disk and has a helical compression spring, which surrounds the valve shank and is supported with its one end on the housing and with its other end on the valve disk, the valve shank having a base portion with an outer diameter (d6) which is greater than the inner diameter of the helical compression spring. The valve disk is adjoined by a cylindrical holding portion, onto which the helical compression spring can be firmly fitted, the holding portion having a greater diameter than the base portion, the helical compression spring having at least two closely spaced turns at least at its end that can be fitted onto the holding portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to layer systems having at least one layer comprising titanium aluminum oxide. The layer comprising titanium aluminum oxide may be either a functional layer—with or without interruption by an intermediate layer which is optically inactive—or a functional layer formed from a metal oxide which is interrupted by an intermediate layer comprising titanium aluminum oxide. The layer systems are structurally and thermally stable at operating temperatures of over 600° C. The layer systems may either comprise only one functional layer or may be a multilayer system, preferably an alternating layer system composed of functional layers with high and low refractive indices.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for manufacturing of a master for manufacturing of optical elements having optically effective structures by molding structures, which are formed on the master, onto a surface of an optical substrate, by providing a substrate; coating a surface of said substrate for forming a coating on said substrate; and patterning said coating for forming structures in said coating; a master for manufacturing of optical elements; and a method for manufacturing of optical elements as well as to an optical element having at least one surface, wherein at least in portions of said surface optically effective structures are formed.

Abstract: A protective layer having at least one hard-material layer is provided. The hard-material layer is formed from one or more of the following materials metal oxide, metal nitride, metal carbide, metal oxynitride, metal carbonitride, and metal oxycarbonitride. The hard-material layer has laterally closely cohesive, crystalline columns which grow perpendicular to the surface of the body. In some embodiments, the crystalline columns have a lateral dimension which is on average less than 1 ?m, preferably less than 200 nm, and which predominantly has crystal orientations which, in the case of columnar growth, have little tendency to widen out, the surface roughness of the hard-material layer having an Ra value of less than 50 nm, preferably less than 20 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coated object in which coatings remain of a constant and unchanged high quality despite operating temperatures of more than 350° C. This is achieved with interlayers which deliberately interrupt and thereby stabilize the morphology of the coating.

Abstract: A scratchproof, temperature-stable protective layer, in particular a scratch-resistant protective layer for cooking hobs is provided. In addition, processes and an apparatus for producing these protective layers are provided. The protective layer includes at least one hard-material layer having a functional layer interrupted by very thin interlayers so that the functional layer has a morphologically dense columnar structure that grows substantially perpendicular to the body surface. The production of layers of this type is achieved by a magnetron sputtering process and a corresponding arrangement, with the tendency of the columnar structures to widen out being reduced by targeted interruption of the growth of the functional layers.

Abstract: The cleaning-friendly article, such as a household kitchen appliance, which is suitable for heating food and/or directly connected with this unit, has a suitable long-lasting or permanent easily cleaned coating on its surfaces that are accessible to dirt. In order to provide this easily cleaned coating a mixture is applied to these surfaces, which contains a hydrolyzable, network-forming gel and a hydrophobic substance. The gel is preferably formed from metal oxides. such as SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, In2O3, SnO2, ZrO2, B2O3 and/or TiO2. The hydrophobic substance is preferably chemically combined with the gel network. The hydrophobic substance preferably includes pre-condensed fluoroalkyl-silanes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transparent protective layer, in particular a scratchproof layer for glass and glass-ceramic, which is able to withstand high temperatures, has a smooth and dense surface, an attractive surface design and is preferably used for coating cooking plates. A protective layer according to the invention comprises at least one crystalline metal oxide layer which has at least one interlayer formed from an amorphous, thermally stable mixed oxide, the interlayer being arranged being sublayers of the metal oxide layer. A further protective layer according to the invention comprises at least one amorphous, thermally stable mixed oxide layer which has at least one interlayer formed from a crystalline metal oxide, the interlayer being arranged between the sublayers of the amorphous mixed oxide layer. The amorphous mixed oxide layer has at least two metallic components.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing of a master for manufacturing of optical elements having optically effective structures by moulding structures, which are formed on the master, onto a surface of an optical substrate, comprising the steps of: providing a substrate; coating a surface of said substrate for forming a coating on said substrate; and patterning said coating for forming structures in said coating. The invention also relates to a master for manufacturing of optical elements, to a method for manufacturing of optical elements as well as to an optical element having at least one surface, wherein at least in portions of said surface optically effective structures are formed.

Abstract: The cleaning-friendly article, such as a household kitchen appliance, which is suitable for heating food and/or directly connected with this unit, has a suitable long-lasting or permanent easily cleaned coating on its surfaces that are accessible to dirt. In order to provide this easily cleaned coating a mixture is applied to these surfaces, which contains a hydrolyzable, network-forming gel and a hydrophobic substance. The gel is preferably formed from SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, In2O3, SnO2, ZrO2, B2O3 and/or TiO2. The hydrophobic substance is preferably chemically combined with the gel network.

Abstract: The cleaning-friendly apparatus, such as a household kitchen appliance, which is suitable for heating food and/or in direct connection with these units, has a suitable long-lasting or permanent easily cleaned coating on its surfaces that are accessible to dirt. In order to provide this easily cleaned coating a mixture is applied to these surfaces, which contains a hydrolyzable, network-forming gel and a hydrophobic substance. The gel is preferably formed from SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, In2O3, SnO2, ZrO2, B2O3 and/or TiO2. The hydrophobic substance is preferably chemically combined with the gel network.

Abstract: The invention relates to a product having a substrate of a partially stabilized zirconium oxide and a buffer layer of a fully stabilized zirconium oxide. In this case, the substrate is untextured and the buffer layer is biaxially textured and joined to the substrate via an interlayer which consists is made of a material that is different than zirconium oxide but is compatible with the latter. This product is in particular produced with ion beam-assisted deposition of the buffer layer. It is suitable in particular as a support for a functional layer of a ceramic superconductor, e.g. for use as a superconducting current limiter.