Abstract: A method checks an industrial machine or an automation system by a computer-assisted safety test. At least one control path of the entire industrial machine or of the entire automation system is checked the computer-assisted safety test.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a device for coupling two DC grids comprising source-side and load-side capacitances comprising: a switching device for current regulation, the switching device including two series-connected switching modules; wherein each of the switching modules includes at least one controllable semiconductor switching element connected in parallel to a respective series circuit comprising a resistor and a capacitor; and a control unit.

Abstract: Various embodiments include an apparatus for limiting voltage for a DC voltage network, wherein overvoltages resulting from switching operations occur between a first supply potential level and a second supply potential level of the DC voltage network. The apparatus comprises at least two limiter cells connected in series between the first supply potential level and the second supply potential level. Each limiter cell comprises a controllable switching element, a discharge resistor, and a capacitor, across all of which a voltage applied between the first supply potential level and the second supply potential level is dropped. During operation of the apparatus, based at least in part on the voltage dropped across the respective capacitor of a particular limiter cell, the controllable switching element of the limiter cell is switched on or off.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a switching device for disconnecting a current path in a DC supply system, said current path comprising inductances at the source end and the load end, the switching device comprising: two series-connected switching modules; wherein each of the series-connected switching modules comprises a controllable semiconductor switching element and a series circuit; the series circuit including a resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel to the controllable semiconductor switching element.

Abstract: A contact monitoring unit is for a safety-critical triggering apparatus of a switching device, including a connection diagram arranged on a first circuit carrier medium for a triggering apparatus and triggering electronics arranged on a second circuit carrier medium. The contact monitoring unit includes redundant electrical connections that are monitored such that, even a failure of a redundant electrical connection is detected.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a device for coupling two DC grids comprising source-side and load-side capacitances comprising: a switching device for current regulation, the switching device including two series-connected switching modules; wherein each of the switching modules includes at least one controllable semiconductor switching element connected in parallel to a respective series circuit comprising a resistor and a capacitor; and a control unit.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a switching device for disconnecting a current path in a DC supply system, said current path comprising source-end and load-end inductances, comprising: two series-connected switching modules, wherein each of the switching modules comprises a controllable semiconductor switching element connected in parallel to a series circuit with a resistor and a capacitor. Each resistor includes two respective series-connected resistors. A first end of the respective resistor is connected to a first load terminal of the controllable semiconductor switching element and a second end of the respective resistor is connected to the capacitor. Each of the switching modules comprises a further controllable semiconductor switching element connected between a first node of the two resistors in the respective resistor and a second node connects the capacitor to a second load terminal of the controllable semiconductor switching element.

Abstract: Various embodiments include an apparatus for limiting voltage for a DC voltage network, wherein overvoltages resulting from switching operations occur between a first supply potential level and a second supply potential level of the DC voltage network. The apparatus comprises at least two limiter cells connected in series between the first supply potential level and the second supply potential level. Each limiter cell comprises a controllable switching element, a discharge resistor, and a capacitor, across all of which a voltage applied between the first supply potential level and the second supply potential level is dropped. During operation of the apparatus, based at least in part on the voltage dropped across the respective capacitor of a particular limiter cell, the controllable switching element of the limiter cell is switched on or off.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a switching device for disconnecting a current path in a DC supply system, said current path comprising inductances at the source end and the load end, the switching device comprising: two series-connected switching modules; wherein each of the series-connected switching modules comprises a controllable semiconductor switching element and a series circuit; the series circuit including a resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel to the controllable semiconductor switching element.

Abstract: Various embodiments may include a voltage switch having two terminals linked by an operating current path comprising a mechanical switch, and having means of generating a counter voltage to the voltage in the operating path. In some embodiments, there are: two terminals linked by an operating current path comprising a mechanical switch; a transformer having a primary side connected in series with the mechanical switch in the operating current path; a voltage source connected to a secondary side of the transformer; and a switch connected in series with the voltage source.

Abstract: An apparatus for regulating an electric arc furnace connected to a power supply system with at least one system phase that applies an AC voltage to a furnace electrode and an arc current for melting. A control loop device includes an electrical converter designed for negative feedback of an amplitude and/or frequency of the AC voltage to produce an amplitude and/or frequency of the arc current. The converter includes an input port having a system power supply connected thereto, and an output port having a melting furnace power supply and a primary circuit of a first transformer connected thereto, wherein a secondary circuit of the first transformer is connected to the arc furnace electrode. A primary coil of a second transformer is connected in parallel with the converter input port, and a secondary coil of the first transformer is connected in series with a secondary coil of the second transformer.

Abstract: Various embodiments may include a DC voltage switch comprising: a first and a second terminal for serial incorporation into a first pole of a DC voltage network; a shunt current path running between the terminals, including a semiconductor switch; an operating current path parallel to the shunt current path, comprising a mechanical switch in series with a primary-side winding of a transformer; a secondary-side winding of the transformer connected between a voltage source and a third terminal for incorporation into a second pole of the DC voltage network; a switch between the voltage source and the third terminal, in series with the secondary-side winding; a diode and a charging resistor connecting the voltage source to the first terminal; and a controller. The controller determines the voltage of the source after the mechanical switch has been opened and switches the switch at intervals to keep the voltage below a threshold.

Abstract: Various embodiments may include a voltage switch having two terminals linked by an operating current path comprising a mechanical switch, and having means of generating a counter voltage to the voltage in the operating path. In some embodiments, there are: two terminals linked by an operating current path comprising a mechanical switch; a transformer having a primary side connected in series with the mechanical switch in the operating current path; a voltage source connected to a secondary side of the transformer; and a switch connected in series with the voltage source.

Abstract: An apparatus for regulating an electric arc furnace connected to a power supply system with at least one system phase that applies an AC voltage to a furnace electrode and an arc current for melting. A control loop device includes an electrical converter designed for negative feedback of an amplitude and/or frequency of the AC voltage to produce an amplitude and/or frequency of the arc current. The converter includes an input port having a system power supply connected thereto, and an output port having a melting furnace power supply and a primary circuit of a first transformer connected thereto, wherein a secondary circuit of the first transformer is connected to the arc furnace electrode. A primary coil of a second transformer is connected in parallel with the converter input port, and a secondary coil of the first transformer is connected in series with a secondary coil of the second transformer.

Abstract: An operating structure for an electrically operated vehicle is disclosed, in which the windings of the electric motor are used as inductors for power factor correction during charging of the vehicle by means of the vehicle-dedicated convertor. The windings are interconnected in such a way that little or no torque is generated in the motor during the charging operation.

Abstract: Power is supplied to excitation windings in order to generate magnetic fields, preferably for activating superconducting coils. An AC transformer is used, and triggering of the coil is performed via a rectifier having little power loss. Preferably, a two-way rectifier using a freewheeling circuit is utilized in the associate device, thus preventing losses when power is supplied and especially when the power is discharged.

Abstract: An anti-serial cascade circuit including two silicon carbide JFETs and two silicon MOSFETs is known. Disclosed is a combination of a JFET, a smart power MOSFET SPM and a thyristor with an associated trigger circuit, which is connected in parallel to the SPM. According to an embodiment of the invention, a logic circuit co-ordinates the functional sequence.

Abstract: Power is supplied to excitation windings in order to generate magnetic fields, preferably for activating superconducting coils. An AC transformer is used, and triggering of the coil is performed via a rectifier having little power loss. Preferably, a two-way rectifier using a freewheeling circuit is utilized in the associate device, thus preventing losses when power is supplied and especially when the power is discharged.

Abstract: Individual measuring sensors each have a different specific signal type and must therefore be appropriately connected to the analog measuring inputs. An adjustable voltage with adjustable current limitation, or an adjustable current with adjustable voltage clamping is used. The voltage or current is connected to the measuring sensors and the corresponding signal is detected and classified according to the sensor type. This permits the automated integration of the measuring sensor. The corresponding assembly can form part of the complete module.

Abstract: A method with corresponding circuit arrangement is disclosed, whereby for evaluation of a measured signal arising as an analogue value with a potential greater than zero potential in a measuring device requiring a supply current, the measured information therefrom is transmitted as a digital signal to an analytical unit lying at earth potential after an A/D conversion. The generated digital signal thus provides the clock signal for a modulation of the supply current and thus also carries out the function of the carrier for the information content of the measured signal. Curved characteristic lines for compression/decompression of the signals are used. Suitable devices for temperature compensation may be similarly provided.