Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode assembly, a battery, and a battery pack and a vehicle including the same. In the electrode assembly, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween are wound based on an axis to define a core and an outer circumference. The first electrode includes an uncoated portion at a long side end thereof and exposed out of the separator along a winding axis direction of the electrode assembly. A part of the uncoated portion is bent in a radial direction of the electrode assembly to form a bending surface region that includes overlapping layers of the uncoated portion, and in a partial region of the bending surface region, the number of stacked layers of the uncoated portion is 10 or more in the winding axis direction of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: Provided is an aerosol-generating article including a wrapper which is discolored as the aerosol-generating material is heated, the aerosol-generating article including: a tobacco rod; a front-end plug arranged on a side of the tobacco rod; a filter rod arranged on the other side of the tobacco rod; and the wrapper surrounding the tobacco rod, the front-end plug, and the filter rod, wherein the wrapper includes a thermochromic material which is heated and discolored by an aerosol-generating device when the aerosol-generating article is inserted into the aerosol-generating device.

Abstract: Provided are aminopyridine compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof which exhibit inhibition activity against certain mutated forms of EGFR.

Abstract: A method and a system thereof for producing a digital holographic screen based on multi-hogel printing are proposed. The system includes a light source unit including lasers, a dichroic mirror for RGB three color matching, mirrors, a beam splitter, and an optical shutter, an object beam unit including a spatial filter, a lens, and a mirror, a reference beam unit including a spatial filter, a lens, and a mirror, a diffuser fixing unit including a diffuser holder and a diffuser positioned between the object beam unit and a recording material and configured to scatter and diffuse the object beam, a photomask movement unit including a photomask holder, an XY-translation stage, and a photomask positioned between the reference beam unit and the recording medium and on which a grid-shaped on/off binary pattern is printed, and a controller configured to control the optical shutter and the XY-translation stage.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device according to an aspect comprises a main body that comprises a battery and a controller, a cartridge which is coupled to the main body and comprises a liquid storage that contains liquid composition and an atomization portion that generates an aerosol by heating the liquid composition contained in the liquid storage, and a cover that forms an inner space by being coupled to the main body such that the cartridge is arranged in the inner space, wherein the main body further comprises a light source that emits light toward an inside of the liquid storage, and the cover comprises a window hole through which light entitled from the light source toward the inside of the liquid storage is transmitted to the outside of the cover.

Abstract: Integrated circuit devices and methods of forming the same are provided. The methods may include forming a sacrificial layer in a preliminary substrate by adding an element into the preliminary substrate, forming a transistor structure on the preliminary substrate, the transistor structure including a source/drain region, replacing the sacrificial layer with a power contact that comprises an upper surface contacting the source/drain region, and forming a power rail that contacts a lower surface of the power contact.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fan-out buffer which includes a first channel that includes a first delay circuit adjusting a first delay time of a calibration test signal depending on a first delay control signal, a second channel that includes a second delay circuit adjusting a second delay time of the calibration test signal depending on a second delay control signal, a first edge-to-pulse converter that detects a first edge included in a first time domain reflectometry (TDR) waveform of an output terminal of the first channel and generates a first start pulse signal including a first pulse, a second edge-to-pulse converter that generates a second start pulse signal including a second pulse, a stop pulse signal generator that generates a stop pulse signal including a first stop pulse, and a first delay control signal generator that calculates a phase difference generates the first delay control signal.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes a vibrator configured to vibrate to generate an aerosol from an aerosol generating material, a controller configured to control the vibrator to vibrate at a target vibration speed, and a feedback circuit configured to detect an electrical signal representing a frequency response of the vibrator that changes according to an operating environment of the vibrator and output a feedback signal based on the detected electrical signal, and the controller may adjust the vibration speed of the vibrator based on the feedback signal output from the feedback circuit.

Abstract: An aerosol generating apparatus includes a main body; a cartridge detachably coupled to the main body, comprising an air inlet hole through which external air is introduced, and configured to store a liquid material and generate aerosol by heating the liquid material; a cigarette detachably coupled to the main body, comprising a solid material, and disposed on a path along which the aerosol generated in the cartridge flows such that the aerosol passes through the solid material and is discharged to outside; and a cover detachably coupled to the main body to cover the cartridge coupled to the main body and comprising: a cigarette hole through which the cigarette is coupled to the main body; and a ventilation hole formed at a position adjacent to the air inlet hole of the cartridge and configured to discharge the aerosol remaining in the cartridge to the outside or introduce the external air.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device according to an embodiment includes a heater generating an aerosol by heating an aerosol generating substrate; a controller for controlling power supplied to the heater; at least one detachable element that is attachable to and detachable from an inner space or an outer space of the aerosol generating device; and a plurality of geomagnetic sensors for detecting changes in the strength of an internal magnetic field of the aerosol generating device, wherein the controller detects detachment of the detachable element based on a detection result from at least one of the plurality of geomagnetic sensors.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, there is provided an aerosol generating apparatus including a case into which a cigarette including an electromagnetic inductor is insertable, a heating unit configured to heat the cigarette, a detector that includes a coil and measures a current characteristic value of a current flowing through the coil according to predetermined time information, and a controller that controls operation of the heating unit by comparing the current characteristic value measured by the detector with a predetermined reference current characteristic value, wherein the reference current characteristic value is set based on at least one current characteristic value measured by the detector.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes a multilayered thermally conductive member forming an accommodation space into which an aerosol generating article is configured to be inserted; a heater surrounding the multilayered thermally conductive member; a battery configured to supply power to the heater; and a controller configured to control power supplied from the battery to the heater such that the multilayered thermally conductive member transfers heat from the heater to the aerosol generating article. Each layer of the multilayered thermally conductive member includes a corrosion-resistant material or a thermally conductive material.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a first converter to convert power, which is output from a fuel cell stack or a battery, into power in a specific level, a second converter to convert power which is input to or output from the battery, a power relay assembly to control power flow between a super capacitor and the first converter, and a controller to control outputs of the first converter and the second converter, depending on a starting state or an operating state of the fuel cell system, and to control an operation of the power relay assembly.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes a storage tank configured to store an aerosol generating material; a compressed air generator configured to generate compressed air; and a nozzle including an inlet end through which compressed air flows in and an outlet end through which the compressed air flows out, wherein the aerosol generating material stored in the storage tank is atomized into an aerosol by colliding with the compressed air discharged from the outlet end of the nozzle.

Abstract: The aerosol generating device includes a storage tank configured to store an aerosol-generating material; a wick configured to absorb the aerosol-generating material stored in the storage tank; a vibrator configured to atomize the aerosol-generating material absorbed in the wick into an aerosol by generating ultrasonic vibrations; a discharge passage configured to discharge the aerosol to an outside of the aerosol generating device; and a structure located at one end of the discharge passage and configured to press the wick toward the vibrator such that contact between the wick and the vibrator is maintained.

Abstract: An aerosol generation device includes a case into which a cigarette is inserted, a heater disposed in the case and configured to heat the cigarette inserted into the case, a mainstream smoke passage connecting an end portion of the cigarette to the outside, and a pressure detection sensor configured to detect a change in a pressure of air inhaled to pass through the cigarette.

Abstract: An aerosol generating apparatus according to an embodiment includes a susceptor arranged to surround an aerosol generating article, and comprising a first layer including a magnetic material and a second layer including a first non-magnetic metal material; an induction coil configured to form a time-varying magnetic field in the susceptor assembly; a battery configured to supply power to the induction coil; and a processor configured to control the power supplied to the induction coil from the battery.

Abstract: A heater assembly includes a heating element formed in a mesh having a tubular shape, and configured to generate heat when electricity is supplied, and a plurality of electrodes respectively connected to opposite end portions the heating element in a lengthwise direction, extending in a circumferential direction of the heating element, and configured to supply the electricity to the heating element.

Abstract: A cover assembly includes a mouthpiece including one end, that is configured to come into contact with a mouth of a user, and another end opposite to the one end, the mouthpiece configured to move to an open position and a closed position by rotation of the mouthpiece around the other end; and an accommodation unit for accommodating the one end of the mouthpiece in the closed position. The accommodation unit includes a button unit including a body, the button unit configured to contact the one end of the mouthpiece and to be displaced in a longitudinal direction based on the one end being pressed; and a locking unit including a body, the body of the locking unit including a first portion that is configured to contact the one end of the mouthpiece and a second portion that is configured to contact the button unit.

Abstract: A cartridge used for an aerosol-generating apparatus includes a liquid storage configured to store an aerosol-generating material, a heater configured to generate an aerosol by heating the aerosol-generating material, an air flow path through which the aerosol passes to be discharged to the outside of the cartridge, and a heating wire having a mesh shape, configured to generate heat, and arranged in the air flow path such that the aerosol is heated by the heating wire while passing through the air flow path.