Abstract: A method of transmitting and receiving a control channel in a wireless communication system is provided. A base station allocates a data channel to a radio resource, adds start position information of the data channel into a payload of a control channel, and performs signaling for indication information on the start position information added into the payload of the control channel to a terminal. Accordingly, the legacy system and the enhanced system can efficiently transmit a control channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wireless communication system using multiple transmission and reception points. In a wireless communication system having a first transmission and reception point and at least one second transmission and reception point belonging to the same cell, the first transmission and reception point has a wider transmission area than the at least one second transmission and reception point, and the first transmission and reception point and the at least one second transmission and reception point generate downlink transmission signals by using the same physical layer cell ID or virtual cell IDs allocated to each terminal, and then the terminals generate uplink transmission signals by using the allocated virtual cell IDs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of sensing illegal flight of a low-flying drone. Here, the method of sensing illegal flight includes: changing a direction of a beam on the basis of a preset period; and detecting an object by using the beam changed on the basis of the preset period. Here, the direction of the beam is changed on the basis of a first direction and a second direction. The first direction is changed on the basis of conversion of a center frequency, and the second direction is changed on the basis of a phase and a particular value.

Abstract: A plurality of gate electrodes is stacked on an upper surface of a substrate in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of the substrate. A channel region penetrates through the plurality of gate electrodes to extend perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate. A gate dielectric layer includes a tunneling layer, a charge storage layer and a blocking layer that are sequentially disposed between the channel region and the plurality of gate electrodes. The charge storage layer includes a plurality of doping elements and a plurality of deep level traps generated by the plurality of doping element. A concentration distribution of the plurality of doping elements in a thickness direction of the charge storage layer is non-uniform.

Abstract: A stack structure includes conductive layer patterns and interlayer insulating layer patterns alternately stacked on one another. A channel hole penetrates the stack structure. A dielectric layer is disposed on a sidewall of the channel hole. A channel layer is disposed on the dielectric layer and in the channel hole. A passivation layer is disposed on the channel layer and in the channel hole. The channel layer is interposed between the passivation layer and the dielectric layer. An air gap is surrounded by the passivation layer. A width of the air gap is larger than a width of the passivation layer.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E), pharmaceutically acceptable salts, quaternary amine salts, and N-oxides thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Compounds of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E) are contemplated useful as therapeutics for treating a wide variety of conditions, e.g., including but not limited to, conditions associated with angiogenesis and with CDK8 and/or CDK19 kinase activity. Further provided are methods of inhibiting CDK8 and/or CDK19 kinase activity, methods of modulating the ?-catenin pathway, methods of modulating STAT 1 activity, methods of modulating the TGF?/BMP pathway, methods of modulating HIF-1-alpha activity in a cell, and methods of increasing BIM expression to induce apoptosis, using a compound of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E). Further provided are CDK8 and CDK19 point mutants and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: A method of transmitting and receiving a control channel in a wireless communication system is provided. A base station allocates a data channel to a radio resource, adds start position information of the data channel into a payload of a control channel, and performs signaling for indication information on the start position information added into the payload of the control channel to a terminal. Accordingly, the legacy system and the enhanced system can efficiently transmit a control channel.

Abstract: Provided is a communication system that transmits a control channel using a downlink. The communication system may transmit, to the terminal, transmission information of uplink allocation information that indicates whether uplink allocation information is transmitted using a downlink, and the terminal may determine whether the uplink allocation information is included in a downlink frame, based on the transmission information of uplink allocation information. The base station may transmit, to the terminal, information associated with a resource which has a possibility of being used for transmission of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and the terminal may decode the PDCCH in the resource which has a possibility of being used for transmission of the PDCCH.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wireless communication system using multiple transmission and reception points. In a wireless communication system having a first transmission and reception point and at least one second transmission and reception point belonging to the same cell, the first transmission and reception point has a wider transmission area than the at least one second transmission and reception point, and the first transmission and reception point and the at least one second transmission and reception point generate downlink transmission signals by using the same physical layer cell ID or virtual cell IDs allocated to each terminal, and then the terminals generate uplink transmission signals by using the allocated virtual cell IDs.

Abstract: The MAC frame in a wireless communication system includes a terminal ID allocated to each of multiple terminals. At least one connection ID is allocated to each terminal having the terminal ID, and sub-carrier allocation information is allocated to each connection having the connection ID. The sub-carrier allocation information includes a sub-carrier allocation status for each sub-carrier, and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier. The sub-carrier allocation status and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier can be allocated, by sub-carriers, to the sub-carrier allocation information using a same number of bits; or the information on the sub-carrier allocation status is first allocated to the sub-carrier allocation information and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier is allocated.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E), pharmaceutically acceptable salts, quaternary amine salts, and N-oxides thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Compounds of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E) are contemplated useful as therapeutics for treating a wide variety of conditions, e.g., including but not limited to, conditions associated with angiogenesis and with CDK8 and/or CDK19 kinase activity. Further provided are methods of inhibiting CDK8 and/or CDK19 kinase activity, methods of modulating the -catenin pathway, methods of modulating STAT1 activity, methods of modulating the TGF?/BMP pathway, methods of modulating HIF-1-alpha activity in a cell, and methods of increasing BIM expression to induce apoptosis, using a compound of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E). Further provided are CDK8 and CDK19 point mutants and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a communication system that transmits a control channel using a downlink. The communication system may transmit, to the terminal, transmission information of uplink allocation information that indicates whether uplink allocation information is transmitted using a downlink, and the terminal may determine whether the uplink allocation information is included in a downlink frame, based on the transmission information of uplink allocation information. The base station may transmit, to the terminal, information associated with a resource which has a possibility of being used for transmission of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and the terminal may decode the PDCCH in the resource which has a possibility of being used for transmission of the PDCCH.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus including a process chamber configured to receive a plurality of substrates oriented in a horizontal manner and vertically arranged with respect to the process chamber, a process gas supply unit configured to supply at least one process gas to the process chamber through a process gas supply nozzle, the process gas supply nozzle along an inner wall of the process chamber in a direction in which the substrates are sacked, an exhaust unit configured to exhaust the process gas from the process chamber, and a blocking gas supply unit configured to supply a blocking gas through a blocking gas injector provided in a circumferential direction of the process chamber such that a flow of the process gas in the process chamber is controlled may be provided.

Abstract: Specific cortistatin derivatives with advantageous properties for in vivo administration to a host, including a human, in need thereof are provided. These novel species have advantageous pharmacokinetics, low toxicity, low to moderate hERG activity, and/or other pharmacological properties which make them stand out among the class of cortistatins as superior candidates for human administration.

Abstract: A technology enabling a terminal to receive acknowledgement (ACK)/negative ACK (NACK) information about data transmitted from the terminal is provided. The method includes receiving cyclic shift information for a reference signal from the base station; transmitting, to the base station, the data and a reference signal which is cyclic-shifted using a cyclic shift value, the cyclic shift value being determined based on a dynamic cyclic shift value mapped one-to-one to the cyclic shift information for the reference signal; and receiving, from the base station, the ACK/NACK information about the transmitted data through a radio resource of a downlink channel, the radio resource of the downlink channel being identified based on a modifier mapped one-to-one to the cyclic shift information for the reference signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for cell discovery. In a network in which a macro cell overlaps at least one small cell, when the carrier frequency used by the macro cell is different from the carrier frequency used by the small cell, the small cell transmits a discovery signal using the carrier frequency used by the macro cell, or the small cell transmits a discovery signal using a carrier frequency of the small cell that is different from the carrier frequency used by the macro cell.

Abstract: The MAC frame in a wireless communication system includes a terminal ID allocated to each of multiple terminals. At least one connection ID is allocated to each terminal having the terminal ID, and sub-carrier allocation information is allocated to each connection having the connection ID. The sub-carrier allocation information includes a sub-carrier allocation status for each sub-carrier, and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier. The sub-carrier allocation status and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier can be allocated, by sub-carriers, to the sub-carrier allocation information using a same number of bits; or the information on the sub-carrier allocation status is first allocated to the sub-carrier allocation information and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier is allocated.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a stack structure on a substrate, the stack structure including interlayer insulating layers and first gate electrodes alternately stacked on each other, a semiconductor layer in an opening penetrating through the stack structure, a first dielectric layer between the semiconductor layer and the stack structure, and a lower pattern closer to the substrate than to the first gate electrodes in the stack structure, the lower pattern including a first surface facing the first dielectric layer, and a second surface facing the stack structure, the second surface defining an acute angle with the first surface, wherein the first dielectric layer includes a first portion facing the stack structure, and a second portion facing the first surface of the lower pattern, the second portion having a thickness greater than a thickness of the first portion.

Abstract: A stack structure includes conductive layer patterns and interlayer insulating layer patterns alternately stacked on one another. A channel hole penetrates the stack structure. A dielectric layer is disposed on a sidewall of the channel hole. A channel layer is disposed on the dielectric layer and in the channel hole. A passivation layer is disposed on the channel layer and in the channel hole. The channel layer is interposed between the passivation layer and the dielectric layer. An air gap is surrounded by the passivation layer. A width of the air gap is larger than a width of the passivation layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a downlink signal configuring method and device, and synchronization and cell search method and device using the same in a mobile communication system. A downlink frame has plural symbols into which pilot subcarriers are distributively arranged with respect to time and frequency axes. Initial symbol synchronization and initial frequency synchronization are estimated by using a position at which autocorrelation of a cyclic prefix of a downlink signal and a valid symbol of the downlink is maximized, and cell search and integer-times frequency synchronization are estimated by using pilot subcarriers included in the estimated symbol. Fine symbol synchronization, fine frequency synchronization, and downlink frame synchronization is estimated by using an estimated cell search result.