Abstract: Modular circulating and dead end color changers are made from synthetic materials inert to chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents. Universal supply and return manifolds have relatively smooth and uninterrupted walls defined, in part, by inlet and return valve surfaces, for easy solvent flow cleaning. Circulating high pressure color changers have improved actuators and circulating means including bypass lines for continuously recirculating both selected and non-selected paints. Valve sealing is enhanced by improved valves and pressure drop across each module is minimized by modular construction regardless of the number of modules used.

Abstract: Spaced apart, hollow, can bodies are formed around a stubhorn and moved past a spray nozzle for spray coating the inside seams of the can bodies. Each can body is received from a conveyor and moved past the spray nozzle at a sufficiently reduced speed to allow the succeeding can body to move into contact with the preceding can body. The spray nozzle continuously sprays the seams of the can bodies, which form in effect a continuous "tube" of can bodies moving past the nozzle. Each can body is conveyed away from the coating station at a speed preferably corresponding to the input conveyor speed so that the spacing between the can bodies is restored. Conveying apparatus at the coating station is provided with a one-way clutch to accommodate conveyor overrunning when uncoated cans are received and when coated cans are drawn away.

Abstract: Modular circulating and dead end color changers are made from synthetic materials inert to chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents. Universal supply and return manifolds have relatively smooth and uninterrupted walls defined, in part, by inlet and return valve surfaces, for easy solvent flow cleaning. Circulating high pressure color changes have improved actuators and circulating means including bypass lines for continuously recirculating both selected and non-selected paints. Valve sealing is enhanced by improved valves and pressure drop across each module is minimized by modular construction regardless of the number of modules used.

Abstract: A modular color changer provides selected paint colors for spraying and continuously recirculates both selected and non-selected colors. A module is provided for each color to be selected and includes supply and return manifold blocks defining, respectively, portions of a respective universal supply manifold and of respective universal return manifold. Port control valves are utilized to control paint flow therethrough, under normal supply pressures. Solvent and air purge valves are used for cleaning. The changer is particularly advantageous when used in high pressure spraying systems. Modules can easily be added to a basic changer to increase the number of selectable paints.

Abstract: Spaced apart, hollow, can bodies are formed around a stubhorn and moved past a spray nozzle for spray coating the inside seams of the can bodies. Each can body is received from a conveyor and moved past the spray nozzle at a sufficiently reduced speed to allow the succeeding can body to move into contact with the preceding can body. The spray nozzle continuously sprays the seams of the can bodies, which form in effect a continuous "tube" of can bodies moving past the nozzle. Each can body is conveyed away from the coating station at a speed preferably corresponding to the input conveyor speed so that the spacing between the can bodies is restored. Conveying apparatus at the coating station is provided with a one-way clutch to accommodate conveyor overrunning when uncoated cans are received and when coated cans are drawn away.

Abstract: An electrostatic system analyzer for checking the voltage at various test points in a high voltage electrostatic spray coating system. The analyzer includes an elongated analyzer body housing several elongated high voltage resistors making up a high resistance path. One end of the high resistance path is coupled to an ammeter mounted at a proximal end of the analyzer body, and the other end of the resistance path is coupled to an electrode mounted on a fitting at the distal end of the analyzer body. The fitting is rotatably mounted on the analyzer body and is generally L-shaped to position the electrode to be laterally offset from the distal end of the analyzer body. This positioning of the electrode facilitates viewing the electrode when it is placed at test points in the electrostatic coating system. The ammeter has a meter face which includes a different scale related to each test point, with the scales being offset from one another to compensate for resistance differences between the test points.

Abstract: A fluid heater for heating high solids fluids having a solids content approximately 50% or higher, which fluids are applied to a substrate by a coating process, includes a cylindrical body of thermally conductive material having a helical channel formed on the outer periphery thereof and including a section member dividing the channel into a pair of side-by-side passages, each having a cross-sectional area of about 0.119 square inches and a length of about 80 inches. A common input plenum identical in size to the cross-sectional area of the channel communicates with one end of each of the passages and the other end of the passages are connected to a common output plenum. An electric heating element is located in said body along the central axis thereof and is sized to produce a watt density on the surface of said passages in the range of 7.5 to 8.0 watts per square inch whereby the high solids fluids are heated for ease in application with a minimum loss of fluid pressure upon passing through the heater.

Abstract: An electrostatic system analyzer for checking the voltage at various test points in a high voltage electrostatic spray coating system. The analyzer is in the form of a gun having a telescoping cylindrical barrel with an exposed electrode at its forward end, and a meter at its rearward end, and having a downwardly extending conductive handle. The forward portion of the analyzer body, which is axially and angularly movable relative to the rearward portion, includes a conductive receptacle electrically connected to the electrode, and the rearward, portion of the analyzer body includes four axial bores equidistant from a central axis and equiangularly arrayed thereabout. Each bore contains a resistor, and the resistors are electrically connected in series, with three of the resistors each having an individual plug extending toward the forward analyzer body portion and being receivable for electrical contact within the receptacle when the two portions are telescoped together.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying a coating material to the inside seams of a series of can bodies which are moving along on can forming apparatus at high speeds. The apparatus comprises two spray guns mounted in tandem at the end of the can forming apparatus which are fired alternately so that each gun coats every other can body. The coating apparatus is designed so that coating material is only sprayed when a can body is above a spray nozzle so that errant coating material does not foul up the forming apparatus. The apparatus also provides for an adjustable nozzle on each gun so that each gun can be independently adjusted.

Abstract: A apparatus for applying a coating material to the inside seams of a series of can bodies which are moving along on can forming apparatus at high speeds. The apparatus comprises two spray guns mounted in tandem at the end of the can forming apparatus which are fired alternately so that each gun coats every other can body. The coating apparatus is designed so that coating material is only sprayed when a can body is above a spray nozzle so that errant coating material does not foul up the forming apparatus. The apparatus also provides for an adjustable nozzle on each gun so that each gun can be independently adjusted.

Abstract: An optical system, particularly for use in an electrostatic copier of the type in which a document is scanned as it moves through an object plane, and an image transmitted to a photoconductive element which is moving through an image plane. A plurality of optical systems each including a lens of short focal length and a roof mirror, are adapted to transmit a portion of an illuminated object plane along parallel light paths. The images thus transmitted are so oriented with respect to each other as to form an integrated image on a receiving surface located at an image plane. In one embodiment the receiving surface is in the nature of a transfer mechanism which has the image cast thereupon in wrong reading orientation, and which mechanically transfers the image, in right reading orientation, to a copy sheet. By introducing an additional plane mirror into the system, the image can be converted to a right reading image for projection directly on a moving copy sheet at an image plane.

Abstract: The illumination station of a photocopier is arranged with a downwardly facing transparent platen to which the originals are presented for copying. There is an original support platen opposed to and beneath the transparent platen which can be raised and lowered to present to the transparent platen three-dimensional originals, such as books, of varying thicknesses. The upper surface of the original support platen incorporates a transport by means of which originals of the sheet type may be fed seriatim into the illumination station when the original support platen is in its uppermost position.

Abstract: Electrostatic toner powder images on copy sheets are fixed by the application of pressure alone, using sets of mating rollers so arranged that each set nips and treats a narrow track on the sheet, and also so arranged that the treated tracks have slightly overlapping margins whereby the full area of the sheet is treated in the process.