Abstract: A process for liquefying a process gas that includes introducing a heat transfer fluid into an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator apparatus that comprises a single stage comprising dual multilayer regenerators located axially opposite to each other.

Abstract: A system including: an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator apparatus that includes a high magnetic field section in which a hydrogen heat transfer fluid can flow from a cold side to a hot side through at least one magnetized bed of at least one magnetic refrigerant, and a low magnetic field or demagnetized section in which the hydrogen heat transfer fluid can flow from a hot side to a cold side through the demagnetized bed; a first conduit fluidly coupled between the cold side of the low magnetic field or demagnetized section and the cold side of the high magnetic field section; and a second conduit fluid coupled to the first conduit, an expander and at least one liquefied hydrogen storage module.

Abstract: A process that includes pre-cooling a H2 gas feedstock with a compressed liquid natural gas via a heat exchanger, introducing the pre-cooled H2 gas feedstock into an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator H2 liquefier module, and delivering liquid H2 from the active magnetic regenerative refrigerator H2 liquefier module to a liquid H2 vehicle dispenser.

Abstract: A system including: an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator apparatus that includes a high magnetic field section in which a hydrogen heat transfer fluid can flow from a cold side to a hot side through at least one magnetized bed of at least one magnetic refrigerant, and a low magnetic field or demagnetized section in which the hydrogen heat transfer fluid can flow from a hot side to a cold side through the demagnetized bed; a first conduit fluidly coupled between the cold side of the low magnetic field or demagnetized section and the cold side of the high magnetic field section; and a second conduit fluid coupled to the first conduit, an expander and at least one liquefied hydrogen storage module.

Abstract: A process for liquefying a process gas that includes introducing a heat transfer fluid into an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator apparatus that comprises a single stage comprising dual multilayer regenerators located axially opposite to each other.

Abstract: A process that includes pre-cooling a H2 gas feedstock with a compressed liquid natural gas via a heat exchanger, introducing the pre-cooled H2 gas feedstock into an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator H2 liquefier module, and delivering liquid H2 from the active magnetic regenerative refrigerator H2 liquefier module to a liquid H2 vehicle dispenser.

Abstract: A system including: an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator apparatus that includes a high magnetic field section in which a hydrogen heat transfer fluid can flow from a cold side to a hot side through at least one magnetized bed of at least one magnetic refrigerant, and a low magnetic field or demagnetized section in which the hydrogen heat transfer fluid can flow from a hot side to a cold side through the demagnetized bed; a first conduit fluidly coupled between the cold side of the low magnetic field or demagnetized section and the cold side of the high magnetic field section; and a second conduit fluid coupled to the first conduit, an expander and at least one liquefied hydrogen storage module.

Abstract: A process for liquefying a process gas that includes introducing a heat transfer fluid into an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator apparatus that comprises a single stage comprising dual multilayer regenerators located axially opposite to each other.

Abstract: A process for liquefying hydrogen gas into liquid hydrogen that includes: continuously introducing hydrogen gas into an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator module, wherein the module has one, two, three or four stages, wherein each stage includes a bypass flow heat exchanger that receives a bypass helium heat transfer gas from a cold side of a low magnetic or demagnetized field section that includes a magnetic refrigerant bed at a hydrogen gas first cold inlet temperature and discharges hydrogen gas or fluid at a first cold exit temperature; wherein sensible heat of the hydrogen gas is entirely removed by the bypass flow heat exchanger in the one stage module or a combination of the bypass flow heat exchangers in the two, three or four stage module, the magnetic refrigerant bed operates at or below its Curie temperature throughout an entire active magnetic regeneration cycle, and a temperature difference between the bypass helium heat transfer first cold inlet temperature and the hydrogen gas first c

Abstract: A process for liquefying a process gas comprising: introducing a heat transfer fluid into an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator apparatus that comprises (i) a high magnetic field section in which the heat transfer fluid flows from a cold side to a hot side through at least one magnetized bed of at least one magnetic refrigerant, (ii) a first no heat transfer fluid flow section in which the bed is demagnetized, (iii) a low magnetic or demagnetized field section in which the heat transfer fluid flows from a hot side to a cold side through the demagnetized bed, and (iv) a second no heat transfer fluid flow section in which the bed is magnetized; continuously diverting a bypass portion of the heat transfer fluid from the cold side of the low magnetic or demagnetized field section into a bypass flow heat exchanger at a first cold inlet temperature; and continuously introducing the process gas into the bypass flow heat exchanger at a first hot inlet temperature and discharging the process gas or liquid fr

Abstract: A process for liquefying a process gas that includes: introducing a heat transfer fluid into an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator apparatus that includes a low magnetic or demagnetized field section; continuously diverting a bypass portion of the heat transfer fluid from a cold side of the low magnetic or demagnetized field section into a bypass flow heat exchanger at a first cold inlet temperature; and continuously introducing the process gas into the bypass flow heat exchanger at a first hot inlet temperature and discharging the process gas or liquid from the bypass flow heat exchanger at a first cold exit temperature; wherein the temperature difference between bypass heat transfer first cold inlet temperature and the process gas first cold exit temperature is 1 to 5 K.

Abstract: A process for liquefying a hydrogen process gas comprising: introducing a hydrogen heat transfer fluid into an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator apparatus that comprises (i) a high magnetic field section in which the hydrogen heat transfer fluid flows from a cold side to a hot side through at least one magnetized bed of at least one magnetic refrigerant, (ii) a first no heat transfer fluid flow section in which the bed is demagnetized, (iii) a low magnetic field or demagnetized section in which the hydrogen heat transfer fluid flows from a hot side to a cold side through the demagnetized bed, and (iv) a second no heat transfer fluid flow section in which the bed is magnetized; continuously introducing the hydrogen heat transfer fluid from the cold side of the low magnetic field or demagnetized section into the cold side of the high magnetic field section; continuously diverting a portion of the hydrogen heat transfer fluid flowing from the cold side of the low magnetic field or demagnetized section

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: an active magnetic regenerative regenerator comprising multiple successive layers, wherein each layer comprises an independently compositionally distinct magnetic refrigerant material having Curie temperatures 18-22 K apart between successively adjacent layers, and the layers are arranged in successive Curie temperature order and magnetic refrigerant material mass order with a first layer having the highest Curie temperature layer and highest magnetic refrigerant material mass and the last layer having the lowest Curie temperature layer and lowest magnetic refrigerant material mass.

Abstract: A system comprising: (a) a liquid natural gas compression module having a compressed liquid natural gas conduit; (b) an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator H2 liquefier module; (c) at least one H2 gas source fluidly coupled to the active magnetic regenerative refrigerator H2 liquefier module via an H2 gas conduit; and (d) a heat exchanger that receives the compressed liquid natural gas conduit and the H2 gas conduit.

Abstract: A process for liquefying a process gas comprising: introducing a heat transfer fluid into an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator apparatus that comprises (i) a high magnetic field section in which the heat transfer fluid flows from a cold side to a hot side through at least one magnetized bed of at least one magnetic refrigerant, (ii) a first no heat transfer fluid flow section in which the bed is demagnetized, (iii) a low magnetic or demagnetized field section in which the heat transfer fluid flows from a hot side to a cold side through the demagnetized bed, and (iv) a second no heat transfer fluid flow section in which the bed is magnetized; continuously diverting a bypass portion of the heat transfer fluid from the cold side of the low magnetic or demagnetized field section into a bypass flow heat exchanger at a first cold inlet temperature; and continuously introducing the process gas into the bypass flow heat exchanger at a first hot inlet temperature and discharging the process gas or liquid fr