Abstract: An apparatus for inerting a space includes a metal-air battery, a feed channel for the introduction of air from an air source to the metal-air battery, and a discharge channel for the discharge of air from the metal-air battery to a volume of the space. A control unit controls an electrochemical reaction of the metal-air battery as a function of a fire situation within the space. A method for inerting a space, an inerting system, an inerting method and an aircraft or spacecraft are also provided.

Abstract: A water supply system for an aircraft has water lines which lead to a consumer group with at least one water consumer and at least one buffer upstream of the at least one water consumer. A discharge line discharges water from a water tank into the water lines and a feed pump in the discharge line supplies water from the water tank into the water lines. Each of the water lines is a flexible hose made of plastic with an internal diameter of at least 4 mm and a length of at most 100 m, and the feed pump is configured to convey water from the water tank into the water lines at a pressure of at most 25 bar and a flow rate of at most 1.4 liters per minute.

Abstract: In a method for determining a filling level (F) of waste water (8) in a tank (6) of a vehicle (2), wherein a respective flushing quantity (P) of waste water (8) is fed to the tank (6) by means of flushing processes, a binary filling signal (La-e) (waste water (8) present or not) is determined at at least two measuring positions (20a-e) at the tank (6) with known filling quantities (Ma-e), the filling level (F) is determined as a sum of a basic filling quantity (B) and an inflow quantity (Z), wherein the basic filling quantity (B) is selected as zero or as the greatest filling quantities (Ma-e) of active filling signals (La-e) at a starting time (A), and the inflow quantity (Z) is determined as a sum of all the fed-in flushing quantities (P) from the starting time (A).

Abstract: An apparatus for inerting a space includes a metal-air battery, a feed channel for the introduction of air from an air source to the metal-air battery, and a discharge channel for the discharge of air from the metal-air battery to a volume of the space. A control unit controls an electrochemical reaction of the metal-air battery as a function of a fire situation within the space. A method for inerting a space, an inerting system, an inerting method and an aircraft or spacecraft are also provided.

Abstract: A method for operating a cooling unit on board an aircraft includes operating the cooling unit in a cooling mode and in a thawing mode. In the thawing mode, any thawed water in the cooling unit is drained off from a thawing element with the aid of gravitational force, and the thawing mode is prevented during specifiable flight phases and/or flight attitudes of the aircraft. A cooling unit configuration for an aircraft includes a cooling unit to be mounted on board an aircraft. The cooling unit can be operated in a cooling mode and in a thawing mode. The cooling unit has an element that thaws in the thawing mode, from which any thawed water can be drained off with the aid of gravitational force. A control device is configured to prevent the thawing mode during specifiable flight phases and/or flight attitudes of the aircraft.

Abstract: A smoke alarm has a housing with a heating device for heating walls of the housing to a temperature above the dew point. The heating device has at least one heating light emitting diode (LED). The heating LED has an opening angle for the emission of light, which opening angle leads to an irradiated area of the housing.

Abstract: In a method for determining a filling level (F) of waste water (8) in a tank (6) of a vehicle (2), wherein a respective flushing quantity (P) of waste water (8) is fed to the tank (6) by means of flushing processes, a binary filling signal (La-e) (waste water (8) present or not) is determined at at least two measuring positions (20a-e) at the tank (6) with known filling quantities (Ma-e), the filling level (F) is determined as a sum of a basic filling quantity (B) and an inflow quantity (Z), wherein the basic filling quantity (B) is selected as zero or as the greatest filling quantities (Ma-e) of active filling signals (La-e) at a starting time (A), and the inflow quantity (Z) is determined as a sum of all the fed-in flushing quantities (P) from the starting time (A).

Abstract: A method for operating a cooling unit on board an aircraft includes operating the cooling unit in a cooling mode and in a thawing mode. In the thawing mode, any thawed water in the cooling unit is drained off from a thawing element with the aid of gravitational force, and the thawing mode is prevented during specifiable flight phases and/or flight attitudes of the aircraft. A cooling unit configuration for an aircraft includes a cooling unit to be mounted on board an aircraft. The cooling unit can be operated in a cooling mode and in a thawing mode. The cooling unit has an element that thaws in the thawing mode, from which any thawed water can be drained off with the aid of gravitational force. A control device is configured to prevent the thawing mode during specifiable flight phases and/or flight attitudes of the aircraft.

Abstract: The present invention especially relates to a fire protection system (1) with a wetting system (23) which is designed and equipped for the wetting of a predetermined extinguishing volume (11) with extinguishing water, wherein the wetting system (23) is designed and equipped in such a way that in a pure water-gas extinguishing measure within a defined operating envelope the concentration of extinguishing gas in the extinguishing volume remains below the extinguishing concentration.

Abstract: A frameless solar module having a carrier substrate and a top layer connected thereto, between which there is a layer structure which forms a plurality of solar cells connected in series for the photovoltaic generation of power is described. The carrier substrate and/or the top layer of the frameless solar module is/are provided with mounting holes for mounting the solar module on a module bracket or for connection to at least one further solar module. The mounting holes are produced in a coating-free zone within a photovoltaically active region. Mounting arrangements having such a solar module which contain fixing elements which pass through the mounting holes are also described. Furthermore, a method for producing such a solar module in which the mounting holes are produced in the carrier substrate and/or in the top layer is also described.

Abstract: A smoke alarm has a housing with a heating device for heating walls of the housing to a temperature above the dew point. The heating device has at least one heating light emitting diode (LED). The heating LED has an opening angle for the emission of light, which opening angle leads to an irradiated area of the housing.

Abstract: The present invention especially relates to a fire protection system (1) with a wetting system (23) which is designed and equipped for the wetting of a predetermined extinguishing volume (11) with extinguishing water, wherein the wetting system (23) is designed and equipped in such a way that in a pure water-gas extinguishing measure within a defined operating envelope the concentration of extinguishing gas in the extinguishing volume remains below the extinguishing concentration.

Abstract: In a method for determining the contamination rate of a pipeline, a pressure value of an internal pressure at a measuring location of the pipeline is determined during a flushing procedure using a flushing medium in the pipelined, and the contamination rate is determined by evaluating the pressure value by means of a test criterion. For the contamination rate of a pipeline system, a contaminated location is additionally determined by evaluating the contamination rates by means of a locating criterion. Corresponding devices contain an interface for the pressure value, and an evaluation unit for determining the contamination rate or of the contaminated location according to the methods mentioned above. A computer program serves for carrying out the above-mentioned methods. A pressure sensor which is operatively connected with an internal pressure of a pipeline is used in one of the above-mentioned methods.

Abstract: Solar module arrays are described, including a solar module for photovoltaic energy generation, a connection housing connected to the solar module for connecting the solar module to an electric load, and a free-wheeling diode connected antiparallel to the solar module. A diode cable is also described.

Abstract: A memory cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a layer of phase change material extending from a first contact with the first electrode to a second contact with the second electrode, and a sidewall spacer contacting the second electrode and a sidewall of the layer of phase change material adjacent to the second contact.

Abstract: A solar module, more particularly a thin-film solar module having a plurality of solar cells connected in series for the photovoltaic generation of power, is described. The solar module has two voltage terminals of opposite polarity, which are each connected to an external surface of the module. Each of the two leads is electrically connected to a separate terminal device. Each of the two terminal housings is attached to the outer surface of the module. The two leads are electrically interconnected through a flyback diode, and the two terminal devices are electrically connected by a ribbon cable that is arranged between the two terminal housings and attached to the external surface of the module. A manufacturing method for the solar module is also described.

Abstract: A frameless solar module having a carrier substrate and a top layer connected thereto, between which there is a layer structure which forms a plurality of solar cells connected in series for the photovoltaic generation of power is described. The carrier substrate and/or the top layer of the frameless solar module is/are provided with mounting holes for mounting the solar module on a module bracket or for connection to at least one further solar module. The mounting holes are produced in a coating-free zone within a photovoltaically active region. Mounting arrangements having such a solar module which contain fixing elements which pass through the mounting holes are also described. Furthermore, a method for producing such a solar module in which the mounting holes are produced in the carrier substrate and/or in the top layer is also described.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a first SONOS memory cell and a second SONOS memory cell. The second memory cell is stacked on the first memory cell.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a memory cell with a resistance changing memory element. The resistance changing memory element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a resistivity changing material disposed between the first and second electrodes, where the resistivity changing material is configured to change resistive states in response to application of a voltage or current to the first and second electrodes. In addition, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises an insulator material including a self-assembled electrically conductive element formed within the insulator material. The self-assembled electrically conductive element formed within the insulator material remains stable throughout the operation of switching the resistivity changing material to different resistive states.

Abstract: A solar module having a connecting element is described. The solar module has a substrate, a back electrode layer, a photovoltaically active absorber layer, and a cover pane disposed one over the other, at least one prefabricated conductive film at least one connection housing.