Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a feed stream comprising a biorenewable feedstock is disclosed. The process comprises hydrotreating the feed stream in the presence of a hydrotreating hydrogen stream and a hydrotreating catalyst to provide a hydrotreated stream. The hydrotreated stream is separated into a hydrotreated liquid stream and a hydrotreated gas stream. The hydrotreated liquid stream is subjected to stripping to provide a stripper off-gas stream. At least a portion of the stripper off-gas stream is contacted with a caustic stream to provide a sulfur-lean gas stream and a sulfur-rich caustic stream. The sulfur-rich caustic stream is further treated to provide a treated gas stream.

Abstract: The process converts ethylene in a dilute ethylene (dry gas) stream that may be derived from an FCC product to propylene. The process includes an oligomerization step to convert ethylene in the dilute ethylene stream to heavier olefins, and a second reaction step to convert the heavier olefins to propylene. The oligomerization catalyst may be an amorphous silica-alumina base with a Group VIII and/or VIB metal. The catalyst is resistant to feed impurities such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon oxides, hydrogen and ammonia. At least 50 wt-% of the ethylene in the dilute ethylene stream can be converted to C4+ olefins and recycled to the FCC for cracking to propylene.

Abstract: A process for regenerating catalyst from a fluidized catalytic process comprising is disclosed. The process comprises providing an oxygen stream and a preheated carbon dioxide recycle stream and mixing the oxygen stream and the preheated carbon dioxide recycle stream to provide a carbon dioxide rich oxidation stream. The carbon dioxide rich oxidation stream is passed to a regenerator unit to provide a carbon dioxide rich flue gas stream. One or more of a sulfur-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing compound, or both in the carbon dioxide rich flue gas stream is reacted with a reactant in a decontamination reactor to form a reactor effluent stream comprising reactant salt. The reactor effluent stream is filtered to remove the reactant salt and catalyst fines to produce a filtered reactor effluent stream. A carbon dioxide recycle stream is taken from the filtered reactor effluent stream.

Abstract: A process for catalytic production of olefins comprises contacting a first hydrocarbon stream and a first stream of fluid catalyst in a first riser to produce a first cracked product stream and a spent catalyst stream. The first cracked product stream is separated in a main column. An overhead stream from the main column is separated into a second hydrocarbon stream. The second hydrocarbon stream is contacted with a second stream of fluid catalyst in a second riser to produce a second cracked product stream and a first stream of cool catalyst. A third hydrocarbon stream is obtained from the overhead stream and/or from the second cracked product stream. The third hydrocarbon stream is contacted with a third stream of fluid catalyst in a third riser to produce a third cracked product stream and a second stream of cool catalyst.

Abstract: A process for regenerating catalyst from a fluidized catalytic process comprising is disclosed. The process comprises providing an oxygen stream and a preheated carbon dioxide recycle stream and mixing the oxygen stream and the preheated carbon dioxide recycle stream to provide a carbon dioxide rich oxidation stream. The carbon dioxide rich oxidation stream is passed to a regenerator unit to provide a carbon dioxide rich flue gas stream. One or more of a sulfur-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing compound, or both in the carbon dioxide rich flue gas stream is reacted with a reactant in a decontamination reactor to form a reactor effluent stream comprising reactant salt. The reactor effluent stream is filtered to remove the reactant salt and catalyst fines to produce a filtered reactor effluent stream. A carbon dioxide recycle stream is taken from the filtered reactor effluent stream.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for converting carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons. Carbon dioxide and coke are reacted in a reaction zone to produce carbon monoxide. The Carbon monoxide and a hydrogen stream are reacted to produce methanol. The methanol is reacted in reaction zone to produce ethylene and propylene. The hydrogen and the oxygen can be produced in an electrolysis zone that separates water into hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of waste water, spent air, and hydrocarbon containing liquid and gaseous streams in the cumene/phenol complex is described. Various effluent streams are combined in appropriate collection vessels, including a spent air knockout drum, a hydrocarbon buffer vessel, a fuel gas knockout drum, a phenolic water vessel, and a non-phenolic water vessel. Streams from these vessels are sent to a thermal oxidation system.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for managing hydrogen sulfide in a refinery is provided. In the process, a hydrogen sulfide stream from said refinery is fed to a sulfur recovery unit to produce sulfur and a sulfur compound stream or to a thermal oxidizer. The sulfur compound stream and the hydrogen sulfide stream are then thermally oxidized to produce a sulfur oxide stream. The sulfur oxide stream is then reacted with an ammonia stream. In aspect, the product of the reaction can be a fertilizer. The ammonia stream can be obtained from stripping the hydrogen sulfide stream.

Abstract: Processes involving the use of a dry sorbent injection (DSI) unit or slurry reagent injection (SRI) unit to remove sulfur compounds form flue gas are described. Flue gas from an FCC regenerator, for example, is used to make superheated steam and saturated steam. The flue gas is then sent to a DSI unit to remove the sulfur compounds, and then to an economizer (or heat exchanger) to heat boiler feed water or combustion air. Because the temperature is not reduced as much as with a wet scrubber process, additional energy can be recovered in the economizer.

Abstract: Processes involving the use of a dry sorbent injection (DSI) unit or slurry reagent injection (SRI) unit to remove sulfur compounds form flue gas are described. Flue gas from an FCC regenerator, for example, is used to make superheated steam and saturated steam. The flue gas is then sent to a DSI unit to remove the sulfur compounds, and then to an economizer (or heat exchanger) to heat boiler feed water or combustion air. Because the temperature is not reduced as much as with a wet scrubber process, additional energy can be recovered in the economizer.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a feed stream comprising a biorenewable feedstock is disclosed. The process comprises hydrotreating the feed stream in the presence of a hydrotreating hydrogen stream and a hydrotreating catalyst to provide a hydrotreated stream. The hydrotreated stream is separated into a hydrotreated liquid stream and a hydrotreated gas stream. The hydrotreated liquid stream is subjected to stripping to provide a stripper off-gas stream. At least a portion of the stripper off-gas stream is contacted with a caustic stream to provide a sulfur-lean gas stream and a sulfur-rich caustic stream. The sulfur-rich caustic stream is further treated to provide a treated gas stream.

Abstract: A control process and apparatus provide feed forward control of stoichiometric proportions of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia to a thermal oxidizer and an ammonia scrubber, respectively. To account for unmeasured or uncalculated sulfur feed to the thermal oxidizer, a feed back measurement of sulfur dioxide and ammonia concentration is used to correct the flow rate of hydrogen sulfide to the thermal oxidizer and/or ammonia to the ammonia scrubber.

Abstract: A process for treating effluent streams in a naphtha complex is described. One or more of the sour water stripping unit for the NHT sour water from the NHT, the amine treatment unit and the caustic treatment unit for the NHT stripper off-gas, the caustic scrubber unit or other chloride treatment unit for the off-gas from the C5-C6 isomerization zone and the C4 isomerization zone, and the caustic scrubber unit or other chloride treatment unit for the regenerator off-gas are replaced with a thermal oxidation system.

Abstract: A process for treating effluent streams in a renewable transportation fuel production process is described. One or more of the sour water stream and an acid gas stream are treated directly in thermal oxidation section. The process allows the elimination or size reduction of a sour water stripper unit, waste water treatment plant, and sulfur recovery unit.

Abstract: Processes for treating effluent streams in alkylation processes are described. One or more process streams rom HF alkylation processes, H2SO4 alkylation processes, or ionic liquid alkylation processes can be thermally oxidized in a thermal oxidation system. The thermal oxidation system can replace at least one of the caustic wash unit, the neutralization unit, and the acid gas treatment unit.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for managing hydrogen sulfide in a refinery is provided. In the process, a hydrogen sulfide stream from said refinery is fed to a sulfur recovery unit to produce sulfur and a sulfur compound stream or to a thermal oxidizer. The sulfur compound stream and the hydrogen sulfide stream are then thermally oxidized to produce a sulfur oxide stream. The sulfur oxide stream is then reacted with an ammonia stream. In aspect, the product of the reaction can be a fertilizer. The ammonia stream can be obtained from stripping the hydrogen sulfide stream.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for producing polymer particles with a solid state polycondensation reactor and an underwater pelletization unit. The apparatuses use a pre-conditioning zone to adjust a temperature, crystallization in addition to dust, acetaldehyde and water content of the particles from a crystallization bin. Various inert gas streams can be provided from a purification unit to remove dust, acetaldehyde, water and adjust temperature and crystallinity of the particles, as also move the particles. The precondition zones have stages that allow for the particles to accurately achieve the desired SSP reactor inlet conditions.

Abstract: Processes for treating effluent streams in alkylation processes are described. One or more process streams rom HF alkylation processes, H2SO4 alkylation processes, or ionic liquid alkylation processes can be thermally oxidized in a thermal oxidation system. The thermal oxidation system can replace at least one of the caustic wash unit, the neutralization unit, and the acid gas treatment unit.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of waste water, spent air, and hydrocarbon containing liquid and gaseous streams in the cumene/phenol complex is described. Various effluent streams are combined in appropriate collection vessels, including a spent air knockout drum, a hydrocarbon buffer vessel, a fuel gas knockout drum, a phenolic water vessel, and a non-phenolic water vessel. Streams from these vessels are sent to a thermal oxidation system.

Abstract: Processes for the treatment of waste streams from the hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbons containing additives and catalysts are described. At least one of the SHC pitch stream, SDA pitch stream, and the heavy residue stream is sent to a thermal oxidation system. The metals in the SHC and SDA pitch streams and the heavy residue stream are oxidized and can be easily recovered as clean powdered metal oxides which can be reused or sold. The processes produce chemicals which can be recovered and sold.