Abstract: The invention relates to methods and systems for phase-based determination of a distance and/or a frequency offset between a first node and a second node in a wireless network.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and systems for phase-based determination of a distance and/or a frequency offset between a first node and a second node in a wireless network.

Abstract: The efficiency of catalyzed batch esterification reactions is improved by the use of a particular temperature and pressure profile during the reaction cycle. In particular elevated pressure is maintained to prevent alcohol boil off during initial mixing and reaction of the reactants prior to any catalyst addition, and preferably the pressure is reduced rapidly after the desired reaction temperature has been reached.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkylene oxide, which process involves mixing fresh feed containing organic hydroperoxide and alkene with a recycle stream to obtain a reaction mixture containing of from 5 to 80% wt of alcohol, based on total amount of reaction mixture, contacting the reaction mixture with a heterogeneous epoxidation catalyst to obtain a stream containing alkylene oxide and alcohol, and recycling of from 30 to 95% wt of the stream obtained in step (ii) to step (i).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkylene oxide, which process involves mixing fresh feed containing organic hydroperoxide and alkene with a recycle stream to obtain a reaction mixture containing of from 5 to 80% wt of alcohol, based on total amount of reaction mixture, contacting the reaction mixture with a heterogeneous epoxidation catalyst to obtain a stream containing alkylene oxide and alcohol, and recycling of from 30 to 95% wt of the stream obtained in step (ii) to step (i).

Abstract: The efficiency of catalysed batch esterification reactions is improved by the use of a particular temperature and pressure profile during the reaction cycle. In particular elevated pressure is maintained to prevent alcohol boil off during initial mixing and reaction of the reactants prior to any catalyst addition, and preferably the pressure is reduced rapidly after the desired reaction temperature has been reached.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkylene oxide, which process involves passing a feed containing an organic hydroperoxide and alkene through a bank of at least two serially connected reactors containing epoxidation catalyst and withdrawing a product stream having alkylene oxide and an alcohol as reaction products, in which bank of reactors the temperature of the feed is controlled such that during operation the outlet temperature of the final reactor is at least 4° C. higher than the outlet temperature of the first reactor.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of alkylene oxide which process comprises contacting organic hydroperoxide and alkene with a heterogeneous epoxidation catalyst and withdrawing a product stream comprising alkylene oxide and an alcohol as reaction products, in which process fresh catalyst is contacted with feed having a higher molar ratio of alkene to organic hydroperoxide than the molar ratio of normal operation.

Abstract: A method for calibrating parameters of sensor elements in a sensor array. The method comprises receiving an output signal of at least two sensor elements signal in reaction to an input signal from a signal source; estimating a cross-correlation between the output signals of at least two of said sensor elements; and optimising a difference between the estimated cross-correlation and a cross-correlation model; and thereby estimating said parameters from the optimised difference. A cross-corelation model is used as represented by the mathematical equation: R=G B GH+D.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkylene oxide, which process involves passing a feed containing an organic hydroperoxide and alkene through a bank of at least two serially connected reactors containing epoxidation catalyst and withdrawing a product stream having alkylene oxide and an alcohol as reaction products, in which bank of reactors the temperature of the feed is controlled such that during operation the outlet temperature of the final reactor is at least 4° C. higher than the outlet temperature of the first reactor.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of alkylene oxide which process comprises contacting organic hydroperoxide and alkene with a heterogeneous epoxidation catalyst and withdrawing a product stream comprising alkylene oxide and an alcohol as reaction products, in which process fresh catalyst is contacted with feed having a higher molar ratio of alkene to organic hydroperoxide than the molar ratio of normal operation.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of alkylene oxide, which process comprises passing a feed comprising an organic hydroperoxide and alkene through a bank of at least two serially connected reactors all containing a bed of heterogeneous epoxidation catalyst particles and operated in a cyclic mode, in which process: (a) the first reactor of the cyclically operated bank is put in a position further down this bank, when the activity of the epoxidation catalyst contained therein has decreased to an undesirably low level; (b) in this position the catalyst with decreased activity is contacted with the effluent from the reactor in the preceding position at a temperature which is at least 5° C. higher than the final temperature at which the catalyst was in use in the first position of the bank and for sufficient time to restore its activity to the desired level.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a polarization filter, in which a mixture of a liquid crystalline diacrylate monomer or dimethacrylate monomer and a dichroic colorant is provided on a substrate, oriented and polymerized by exposing it to radiation, as well as a polarization filter which is manufactured according to the above method, and a display comprising the polarization filter.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a laminated element, in which a substrate 1 is provided with a coating 2 of a liquid-crystalline monomer, in accordance with formula 1, which is oriented by means of an external force, in particular a magnetic field 3, and subsequently subjected to radiation 4, so that a pattern 5 of coating 2 is polymerized and the orientation is fixed, as well as a laminated element, such as an optical component, obtained in accordance with the method.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a homogeneous, water-insoluble dye layer on a substrate is provided in which a solution of a cationic or anionic dye in an organic solvent is provided on the substrate, the solvent is removed and the resulting dye layer is treated with an aqueous solution of a salt in which the cation of the anionic dye is exchanged for the cation of the salt or is treated with a salt or acid in which the anion of the cationic dye is exchanged for the anion of the salt or acid. The invention also provides a substrate provided with water insoluble homogeneous dye layer.

Abstract: An optical recording element having a recording layer which comprises an alkylpyrylium-squarylium dye, as well as novel alkylpyrylium-squarylium compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical recording system and method in which information can be recorded and read by means of laser light on a recording medium. The recording medium comprises a circular substrate plate which is manufactured, for example, from a transparent synthetic resin and has a diameter from 5-50 cm and which is provided on at least one side with a recording layer consisting entirely or substantially entirely of a compound of phthalocyanine with a metal, metal oxide or metal halide. A very suitable recording layer is a layer of vapor-deposited vanodyl phthalocyanine in a maximum thickness of 200 nm. A metal layer of, for example, tellurium may be provided between the substrate and the recording layer or on the side of the recording layer remote from the substrate. The recording medium may also comprise an optically readable servo track. Upon recording information the element is exposed to pulsatory laser light, pits and/or holes being formed in the recording layer.

Abstract: Liquid crystalline 2,3-diphenyl acrylonitrile derivatives, i.e., 2-(p-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(p-hexyloxyphenyl) acrylonitrile, exhibit dynamic scattering in an electrical field and are useful in electro-optic displays and as solvents in E.S.R. and N.M.R. spectroscopy.

Abstract: Novel nematic liquid crystalline azo-compounds have been found, which are anisotropic over a wide temperature range which includes room temperature.The compounds are temperature, light and moisture proof. They exhibit no dynamic scattering. The compounds may be employed in E.S.R. and N.M.R. spectroscopy, and, as the case may be mixed with other nematic liquid crystalline compounds, in displays.