Abstract: The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object or for modifying the surface state of a preformed object by local polymerisation of monomers or oligomers, the polymerisation being initiated by mono-photon or multi-photon absorption in an area to be polymerised, includes: —introducing into a vessel with light-transparent walls a reaction medium comprising polymerisable monomers or oligomers, a polymerisation inhibitor, an indicator of the amount of the inhibitor and a photochemical polymerisation initiator; —initiating the polymerisation of the monomers or oligomers; —indicating the amount of inhibitor present in the reaction medium; —controlling the amount of light emitted by the irradiation system relative to the amount of inhibitor indicated by the indicator; and —switching to a following zone to be polymerised by moving the object and/or the focused light beam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a three-dimensional object comprising the following operations: a. introducing a composition (11) into a polymerization vessel (9), b. polymerizing the composition (11) by multiphoton photopolymerization, at predetermined locations, in order to produce the three-dimensional object (3), the composition (11) comprising at least one monomer, at least one filler and at least one photoinitiator, —characterized in that: the difference between the refractive indices of the monomer and of the filler present is less than 0.05; —the viscosity of the composition (11) is greater than or equal to 0.05 Pa·s; —the composition (11) is transparent to the photopolymerization wavelength.

Abstract: A method for producing a three-dimensional object comprises the following operations: introducing a composition into a polymerization vessel; and polymerizing the composition by multiphoton polymerization, by means of a light source, in predetermined spots, in order to produce the three-dimensional object, the composition comprising at least one monomer, at least one filler and at least one photoinitiator, the composition having a transmittance per unit of length to the emission wavelengths of the light source, which is preferably higher than 75% and the at least one filler comprises nanoparticles.

Abstract: Monitoring a user's exposure to ultraviolet radiation, including determining the amount of radiation to which the user is exposed from different directions, respectively.

Abstract: Monitoring a user's exposure to ultraviolet radiation, including determining the amount of radiation to which the user is exposed from different directions, respectively.

Abstract: An airplane passenger seat may include a non-articulated seat shell configured to recline as a unit. In embodiments, an airplane passenger seat may include a tray table including a literature pocket.

Abstract: Electronic device (10) comprising a control unit (11), a plurality of slots (15) for attaching/connecting sub-modules (12, 13), and means (15, 16, 17) for interconnecting the control unit (11) with those sub-modules (12, 13) that are attached/connected to the slots (15). The control unit (11) is capable of issuing commands in order to put the sub-modules (12, 13) in a by-pass mode, to read identification information from sub-modules (12, 13), write parameters into and/or read parameters from at least one of the sub-modules (12, 13), and to re-check whether the configuration of the electronic device (10) has changed by adding or removing a sub-module (12, 13).

Abstract: A method of supplying liquid is provided, including the steps of providing, at a first location, a cistern on land for liquid; providing, at a second location, a floating flexible container of liquid; and incrementally conveying liquid from the container to the cistern according to a demand determined according to the use of liquid in the cistern. The invention is directed to an apparatus for supplying liquid employing the on-land cistern and floating flexible container.

Abstract: Systems and methods for frequency acquisition and channel tracking in a direct sequence code division multiple access system are described. Frequency estimates are prepared and refined, which estimates are also used in the channel tracking process.

Abstract: An improved oblique viewing microscope system including a diffraction grating that oscillates in the plane of the grating and/or an illuminator that oscillates the light rays directed to the object synchronized with the grating period. Additionally, a low frequency diffraction grating is also disclosed. The oscillation and/or low frequency grating provide a high resolution, multi-color image of an object viewed at an oblique angle. A dual oblique viewing microscope system is also disclosed to provide Koehler illumination.

Abstract: An improved oblique viewing microscope system including a diffraction grating that oscillates in the plane of the grating and/or an illuminator that oscillates the light rays directed to the object synchronized with the grating period. Additionally, a low frequency diffraction grating is also disclosed. The oscillation and/or low frequency grating provide a high resolution, multi-color image of an object viewed at an oblique angle. A dual oblique viewing microscope system is also disclosed to provide Koehler illumination.

Abstract: An improved oblique viewing microscope system including a diffraction grating that oscillates in the plane of the grating and/or an illuminator that oscillates the light rays directed to the object synchronized with the grating period. Additionally, a low frequency diffraction grating is also disclosed. The oscillation and/or low frequency grating provide a high resolution, multi-color image of an object viewed at an oblique angle. A dual oblique viewing microscope system is also disclosed to provide Koehler illumination.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of enabling fractal objects to be manufactured. In accordance with the invention, the method consists in performing repeated scaling reductions on a parent generator defined by means of three-dimensional coordinates, in storing the coordinates of each daughter object obtained by such a scaling reduction, and in repeating the scaling reduction until the dimensions of a daughter object become less than a given threshold value. The coordinates of the daughter objects are then supplied to stereolithographic apparatus which manufactures the fractal object defined by assembling together the daughter objects.

Abstract: Process for obtaining three-dimensional objects, according to which process a sheet (2A, 2B, 2C) is prepared, which sheet is composed of a material, the solubility of which varies when it is subjected to a specific radiation, and of fibers or of a screen for reinforcement, the sheet having a sufficient rigidity to be handled and being capable of adhering on a similar sheet. The sheet is subjected to said radiation (18) in a defined zone, and then a new sheet is fixed onto it and the passing of radiation is recommenced, and then the stack is subjected to a selective dissolving which causes the desired object (31) to appear.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the colloidal stability of liquids comprising a sample-holder containing a sample of the liquid the turbidity of which is to be measured, a cooling tank containing the sample-holder and associated with a cooling unit, a laser light source of appropriate wavelength, a photopile for measuring the light flux diffused through the sample to be checked, a reference photopile for permanently controlling the exciting beam, a semitransparent mirror reflecting a part of the light beam in the direction of the reference photopile, a device for absorbing the nondiffused light and a logic system associated with a microprocessor for calculating the value of the turbidity of the sample.