Abstract: Routers split and share routing information among several routers within a group of routers acting as a single border router in an Internet protocol (IP) network, each router comprising a routing table. A router of the group selects routes in the routing table of the router; requests other routers of the group to replace, in their routing tables, each selected route with the router as next hop; associates parts of-non selected routes, each one with another router of the group; and removes and replaces, in the routing table, each-non selected route associated with a router of the group by the associated router as next hop.

Abstract: Routers split and share routing information among several routers within a group of routers acting as a single border router in an Internet protocol (IP) network, each router comprising a routing table. A router of the group selects routes in the routing table of the router; requests other routers of the group to replace, in their routing tables, each selected route with the router as next hop; associates parts of-non selected routes, each one with another router of the group; and removes and replaces, in the routing table, each-non selected route associated with a router of the group by the associated router as next hop.

Abstract: Routers split and share routing information among several routers within a group of routers acting as a single border router in an Internet protocol (IP) network, each router comprising a routing table. A router of the group selects routes in the routing table of the router; requests other routers of the group to replace, in their routing tables, each selected route with the router as next hop; associates parts of-non selected routes, each one with another router of the group; and removes and replaces, in the routing table, each-non selected route associated with a router of the group by the associated router as next hop.

Abstract: An approach for generating optimal itineraries based on network connectivity is presented. A computer receives a first message from which a current position of a vehicle on a trip, destination, a service being requested for a mobile device in the vehicle, service providers and network(s) are extracted. Network connectivity measures are retrieved and signal qualities in respective cells are determined based on the network connectivity measures. Based on the signal qualities, an itinerary is determined as paths and a hop indicating a position on one of the paths at which a connectivity change from a first to a second service provider is to occur. A response to the first message indicates the itinerary. Sending the response results in the mobile device making the connectivity change when the vehicle reaches the position indicated by the hop.

Abstract: An approach for generating optimal itineraries is presented. As a response to a first message sent to a remote computer system by a global positioning device transported by a vehicle on a trip, the device receives a second message indicating optimal itineraries of the trip. The device receives a selection of an optimal itinerary indicating a path, a hop, an updated service provider to provide a service to a mobile device transported by the vehicle, and an updated network for providing the service. The device detects the vehicle at a position indicated by the hop, and in response, generates a third message indicating the updated service provider and the updated network. The global positioning device sends the third message to the mobile device and as a result, the mobile device makes a connectivity change to the updated service provider and/or to the updated network.

Abstract: An approach for preventing unauthorized card transactions is presented. An authorization record including an authorized geographic location and an authorized period of time is received from a travel reservation system (TRS) and stored to dynamically update a profile table that stores other authorization records. The authorization record identifies an itinerary specified by travel booking(s) purchased via the TRS using a debit or credit card. The itinerary specifies that the cardholder is scheduled to be in the authorized geographic location for the authorized period of time. In response to receiving a request for an authorization of a card transaction, a location and date associated with the card transaction are retrieved from the request. The card transaction is rejected based on a determination that the retrieved location is not within authorized geographic locations included in the stored authorization records that have authorized time periods that include the retrieved date.

Abstract: A method for communicating with a receiving station and a system for implementing the method. The system includes the receiving station. A geographical area is divided into at least two geographical cells. Each cell is a unique geographical region within the geographical area. Each cell is associated with one and only one unique joining address of at least two joining addresses. A totality of joining addresses in a joining message consisting of the one and only one unique joining address to which each cell is associated. The joining message is an IP unicast message including the at least two joining addresses.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for splitting and sharing routing information among several routers within a group of routers acting as a single border router in an Internet protocol (IP) network, each router comprising a routing table. The method, for use in a router of the group, comprises the steps of: selecting routes in the routing table of the router; requesting other routers of the group to replace, in their routing tables, each selected route with the router as next hop; associating at least part of-non selected routes, each one with another router of the group; and removing and replacing, in the routing table, each-non selected route associated with a router of the group by the associated router as next hop.

Abstract: A method for communicating with a receiving station and a system for implementing the method. The system includes the receiving station. A geographical area is divided into at least two geographical cells. Each cell is a unique geographical region within the geographical area. Each cell is associated with one and only one unique joining address of at least two joining addresses. A totality of joining addresses in a joining message consisting of the one and only one unique joining address to which each cell is associated. The joining message is an IP unicast message including the at least two joining addresses.

Abstract: An approach for preventing unauthorized card transactions is presented. An authorization record including an authorized geographic location and an authorized period of time is received from a travel reservation system (TRS) and stored to dynamically update a profile table that stores other authorization records. The authorization record identifies an itinerary specified by travel booking(s) purchased via the TRS using a debit or credit card. The itinerary specifies that the cardholder is scheduled to be in the authorized geographic location for the authorized period of time. In response to receiving a request for an authorization of a card transaction, a location and date associated with the card transaction are retrieved from the request. The card transaction is rejected based on a determination that the retrieved location is not within authorized geographic locations included in the stored authorization records that have authorized time periods that include the retrieved date.

Abstract: Files located on local or remote storage device are retrieved by determining that a link attachment of an electronic communication received at a computer device matches a pointer of a file directory structure of the computer device. The pointer allows retrieving within the file directory structure a file link and file identification information, and then accessing a file at a local or remote storage device by the file link and using the file identification information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system of computer communication through an infrastructure multicast IP network, between one or several determined central stations and undetermined groups of receiving stations, especially mobile stations. According to the invention, every mobile station sends its geographical status, e.g. its position, in an IP unicast message to the central station. In response, the mobile station receives an IP unicast message comprising one or more IP multicast addresses corresponding to the transmitted geographical status. The central station also has the necessary routers subscribed or unsubscribed to these multicast addresses, according to the local presence of such receiving stations. Receiving stations may then subscribe such localized multicast addresses, and receive the corresponding multicast messages.

Abstract: A method and system for preventing unauthorized card transactions via dynamic itinerary-driven profiling. Authorization record(s) including authorized geographic locations and authorized periods of time are received from a travel reservation system (TRS). The authorization record(s) identify an itinerary specified by a travel booking(s) purchased via the TRS using a debit or credit card. The itinerary specifies that the cardholder is scheduled to be in the authorized geographic locations for the authorized periods of time. In response to receiving a request for an authorization of a card transaction, a location and date associated with the card transaction are retrieved from the request. The card transaction is rejected based on a determination that the retrieved location is not within the authorized geographic locations and/or the retrieved date is not within the authorized periods of time. A notification of the retrieved location and retrieved date is logged and displayed.

Abstract: A method and a system. A Medium Access Control (MAC) frame includes an embedded Internet Protocol (IP) frame and a MAC address. The IP frame includes content of a second multimedia program and a second multicast address of the second multimedia program, the MAC address having been resolved from the second multicast address. The second multicast address is determined to be linked to a first multicast address of a first multimedia program of a television channel being played at a user host. The IP frame is forwarded from the MAC frame to an IP layer where the second multicast address is ascertained to be a multicast sub group address of the first multimedia program and is replaced in the IP frame with the first multicast address, after which the IP frame is transmitted to the user host to replace or be inserted into the first multimedia program being played.

Abstract: A method of synchronizing firewalls in a communication system comprising a server farm wherein any user connected to the Internet can access customer servers, and at least two firewalls using a Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) to set up as primary interface firewall the firewall which owns the primary interface of the VRRP group of interfaces to at least one customer server. The method includes initializing, in a secondary interface firewall, a synchronization message exchange with the primary firewall after receiving a packet for a connection having a state which is incompatible with the received packet or after the standard firewall processing of a packet corresponding to a new connection, and registering in a common connection table the state of any connection if the connection is new or if the connection state has changed.

Abstract: In a network having nodes, N nodes are members of a virtual communications ring for multicast communication among the N Nodes, each of the N Nodes being associated with only an upstream and a downstream one of the other N nodes. One of the N nodes manages changes in ring membership, including requesting the others of the N nodes to participate in measuring distances to a N+1th, node responsive to receiving an insertion request message. The manager node inserts the N+1th node in the communications ring responsive to receiving replies, which includes inserting the N+1th node in a selected location between two selected ones of the N Nodes, such that the N nodes and the N+1th node are enabled to multicast messages around the ring. Due to the selected location of the N+1th node, communication distances for multicasted messages tend to be shorter than such distances that would otherwise occur.

Abstract: A method and system for generating alerts based on predicted wireless connection losses. A message is received that includes a first position of a mobile device, an indication of a service being provided to the mobile device via a wireless connection provided by a first bearer, and an mobile device identifier. A direction and speed of the mobile device is received. An amount of time elapsing before the mobile device moves to a second position at which the mobile device experiences a loss of the wireless connection via the first bearer is predicted. An alert that indicates that the loss is occurring in the amount of time is generated. The alert is sent to the mobile device as a response to the message.

Abstract: A method and system for generating optimal itineraries based on network connectivity. A computer receives a first message from which a current position of a vehicle on a trip, destination, service(s) being provided to mobile device(s) in the vehicle, service provider(s) and network(s) are extracted. Optimal itineraries are generated by generating sets of optimal parameters that include paths for which connectivity measures satisfy predefined criteria and hops that indicate positions associated with connectivity changes. A response to the first message indicates the optimal itineraries and the associated sets of optimal parameters and is sent to a vehicle-based device. Sending the response results in the mobile device(s) making the connectivity changes when the vehicle is detected at the hops.

Abstract: In a network having nodes, N nodes are members of a virtual communications ring for multicast communication among the N nodes, each of the N nodes being associated with only an upstream and a downstream one of the other N nodes. One of the N nodes manages changes in ring membership, including requesting the others of the N nodes to participate in measuring distances to a N+1th, node responsive to receiving an insertion request message. The manager node inserts the N+1th node in the communications ring responsive to receiving replies, which includes inserting the N+1th node in a selected location between two selected ones of the N nodes, such that the N nodes and the N+1th node are enabled to multicast messages around the ring. Due to the selected location of the N+1th node, communication distances for muticasted messages tend to be shorter than such distances that would otherwise occur.

Abstract: A method and a system. A Medium Access Control (MAC) frame includes an embedded Internet Protocol (IP) frame and a MAC address. The IP frame includes content of a second multimedia program and a second multicast address of the second multimedia program, the MAC address having been resolved from the second multicast address. The second multicast address is determined to be linked to a first multicast address of a first multimedia program of a television channel being played at a user host. The IP frame is forwarded from the MAC frame to an IP layer where the second multicast address is ascertained to be a multicast sub group address of the first multimedia program and is replaced in the IP frame with the first multicast address, after which the IP frame is transmitted to the user host to replace or be inserted into the first multimedia program being played.