Abstract: A system, method and kit for processing an original image of biological material to identify certain components of a biological object by locating the biological object in the image, enhancing the image by sharpening components of interest in the object, and applying a contour-finding function to the enhanced image to create a contour mask. The contour mask may be processed to yield a segmented image divided by structural units of the biological material.

Abstract: A system for imaging of a sample is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of detectors which are each focussed at a respective focal plane in a sample volume. The system also includes light selection optics positioned between the plurality of detectors and the sample volume. The light selection optics transmit to the detectors a portion of light originating at the respective focal planes while screening out light which originates from outside of the respective focal planes.

Abstract: Volume imaging is supported in an optical apparatus that simultaneously acquires multiple images from multiple focal planes in an image object. A plurality of image detectors is arranged with respect to an objective lense. A plurality of reflective devices are disposed between the objective lense and the plurality of detectors to divide the light travelling through the objective lense to the detectors into channels such that each channel is registered with a respective detector.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus, and related method, for continuous volume imaging a specimen using imaging a plurality of image planes at predetermined focal depths. The focal depth for each image plane is adjustable in accordance with a variety of desired spatial configurations. The images generated at the image planes are processing in parallel and the image corresponding the an optimal focal depth at an specimen location is selected for imaging the specimen at that location. The volume imaging apparatus of the invention allows for rapid scanning of an entire microscope slide at high image resolution.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for enhancing operator independent image cytometry. Aspects of the invention include enhanced tissue surface tracking which can detect both tissue surfaces. The surface detection can aid cytometry, such as by reducing the amount of image data to be stored. Segmentation is described for 3D images in which 3D least squares filtering is applied to increase contrast for simplifying the delineation of objects from backgrounds. A method of creating 3D FIR image filters based on ideal objects is also described. A data structure is defined by which 3D object data may be organized for image representations if samples. Methods of performing remote segmentation processing are also described toward centralizing the necessary processor power and applications and reducing the burden on researchers and clinicians.

Abstract: A method for managing a digital image of a biological specimen is disclosed. The method includes storing image data in a storage device. The image data is data for showing the image on a display. The method also includes identifying a portion of the image to be processed and transferring a first portion of the image data from the storage device to a working memory. The first portion of the image data is a portion of the image data for displaying the identified portion of the image on the display.

Abstract: In an image segmentation system that processes image objects by digital filtration, a digital filter is defined. The digital filter includes a neighborhood operator for processing intensity values of neighborhoods of pixels in a pixel array. A first pixel array is received defining a pixelated image including one or more objects and a background and a second pixel array is received that defines a reference image. The reference image includes at least one object included in the pixelated image in a background. In the reference image, pixels included in the at least one object are distinguished from pixels included in the background by a predetermined amount of contrast. Pixels of the first and second images are compared to determine a merit value; the merit value is used to compute neighborhood operator values; and, the neighborhood operator is applied to images in order to create or enhance contrast between objects and background in the images.

Abstract: A sample holder for use with a system for imaging a sample is disclosed. The sample holder includes a stage contact member for contacting with a stage. A sample holding member holds the sample to be imaged by the system. One or more adjustment mechanisms can be used to adjusting the position of the sample holding member relative to the stage.

Abstract: Volume imaging is supported in an optical apparatus that simultaneously acquires multiple images from multiple focal planes in an image object. A plurality of image detectors is arranged with respect to an objective lense. A plurality of reflective devices are disposed between the objective lense and the plurality of detectors to divide the light travelling through the objective lense to the detectors into channels such that each channel is registered with a respective detector.

Abstract: A system for imaging of a sample is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of detectors which are each focussed at a respective focal plane in a sample volume. The system also includes light selection optics positioned between the plurality of detectors and the sample volume. The light selection optics transmit to the detectors a portion of light originating at the respective focal planes while screening out light which originates from outside of the respective focal planes.

Abstract: A system and method of assembling an application for processing image or image-derived data is disclosed. The system includes a base operator configured to interface with one or more derivative operator classes, each operator class including an operator object for executing a processing function on the image or image-derived data. A base multiport node class is provided, which is configured to provide a multiport node for each operator object. The multiport nodes instantiates a pluggable operator for connecting the multiport nodes together at runtime according to user-defined parameters. The connection of multiport nodes implements the processing functions of the operator objects to execute the application.

Abstract: An analog circuit for an autofocus microscope system measures a degree of focus of an object directly from the video signal of a microscope CCD camera. The circuit then returns an index to a host computer for the purpose of adjusting the position of the microscope's objective lens to bring the object in focus. Best focus is found by comparing indices at several different vertical positions. The criterion adopted for determining the degree of focus is derived from the energy distribution of the video signal spectrum. The high frequency energy of the video spectrum is a maximum at best focus and as the optics defocus, the distribution shifts to lower frequencies. Low cost, real time autofocus is achieved with the analog circuitry of this invention, replacing more expensive dedicated, real time image processing hardware.

Abstract: Reliable autofocus is required to obtain accurate measurements of fluorescent stained cellular components from a system capable of scanning multiple microscope fields. Autofocus could be performed directly with fluorescence images, but due to photobleaching and destructive fluorescence by-products, it is best to minimize fluorescence exposure for photosensitive specimens and live cells. This exposure problem could be completely avoided by using phase-contrast microscopy, implemented through the same optics as fluorescence microscopy. Functions for both phase-contrast and fluorescence autofocus were evaluated using the present invention and the suitability of phase-contrast autofocus for fluorescence microscopy was determined. The present autofocus system for scanning microscopy can be performed at least as fast as 0.25 s/field without loss of precision.

Abstract: An operator independent image cytometer having a method for image segmentation. Image segmentation comprises the steps of filtering a digital image of a cellular specimen and thresholding the resultant image. In addition, the thresholding may include the sorting of features extracted from the filtered image. The present invention also includes a method for cytometer autofocus that combines the benefits of sharpening and contrast metrics. The present invention further includes an arc lamp stabilization and intensity control system. The image cytometer has broad applications in determining DNA content and other cellular measurements on as many as 10.sup.5 individual cells, including specimens of living cells. Image segmentation applications include PAP smear analysis and particle recognition.

Abstract: Reliable autofocus is required to obtain accurate measurements of fluorescent stained cellular components from a system capable of scanning multiple microscope fields. Autofocus could be performed directly with fluorescence images, but due to photobleaching and destructive fluorescence by-products, it is best to minimize fluorescence exposure for photosensitive specimens and live cells. This exposure problem could be completely avoided by using phase-contrast microscopy, implemented through the same optics as fluorescence microscopy. Functions for both phase-contrast and fluorescence autofocus were evaluated using the present invention and the suitability of phase-contrast autofocus for fluorescence microscopy was determined. The present autofocus system for scanning microscopy can be performed at least as fast as 0.25 s/field without loss of precision.

Abstract: In an image segmentation system that processes image objects by digital filtration, a digital filter is defined. The digital filter includes a neighborhood operator for processing intensity values of neighborhoods of pixels in a pixel array. A first pixel array is received defining a pixelated image including one or more objects and a background and a second pixel array is received that defines a reference image. The reference image includes at least one object included in the pixelated image in a background. In the reference image, pixels included in the at least one object are distinguished from pixels included in the background by a predetermined amount of contrast. Pixels of the first and second images are compared to determine a merit value; the merit value is used to compute neighborhood operator values; and, the neighborhood operator is applied to images in order to create or enhance contrast between objects and background in the images.

Abstract: An operator independent image cytometer having a method for image segmentation. Image segmentation comprises the steps of filtering a digital image of a cellular specimen and thresholding the resultant image. In addition, the thresholding may include the sorting of features extracted from the filtered image. The present invention also includes a method for cytometer autofocus that combines the benefits of sharpening and contrast metrics. The present invention further includes an arc lamp stabilization and intensity control system. The image cytometer has broad applications in determining DNA content and other cellular measurements on as many as 10.sup.5 individual cells, including specimens of living cells. Image segmentation applications include PAP smear analysis and particle recognition.

Abstract: An analog circuit for an autofocus microscope system measures a degree of focus of an object directly from the video signal of a microscope CCD camera. The circuit then returns an index to a host computer for the purpose of adjusting the position of the microscope's objective lens to bring the object in focus. Best focus is found by comparing indices at several different vertical positions. The criterion adopted for determining the degree of focus is derived from the energy distribution of the video signal spectrum. The high frequency energy of the video spectrum is a maximum at best focus and as the optics defocus, the distribution shifts to lower frequencies. Low cost, real time autofocus is achieved with the analog circuitry of this invention, replacing more expensive dedicated, real time image processing hardware.