Abstract: The invention is directed towards dielectric materials, BaTiO3, BaZrO3, and/or BaTi1-xZrxO3, such that 0?x?1, for detecting, sensing, filtering, reacting, or absorbing toxic chemicals, such as chemical warfare agents (“CWAs”) and their structural analogs, toxic industrial chemicals and narcotics, wherein the dielectric material is incorporated into a sensor for detecting, sensing, filtering, reacting, or absorbing the toxic chemicals.

Abstract: Processes, compositions, and sensors for sensing a variety of toxic chemicals based on colorimetric changes. Exemplary process for sensing a toxic chemical includes contacting a toxic chemical, or byproduct thereof, with a sorbent that includes a porous metal hydroxide or a porous mixed-metal oxide/hydroxide and a transition metal reactant suitable to react with a toxic chemical or byproduct thereof. The sorbent is contacted with the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof for a sampling time. A difference between a post-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent and a pre-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent is determined to thereby detect exposure to, or the presence of, the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof.

Abstract: Processes, compositions, and sensors for sensing a variety of toxic chemicals based on colorimetric changes. Exemplary process for sensing a toxic chemical includes contacting a toxic chemical, or byproduct thereof, with a sorbent that includes a porous metal hydroxide or a porous mixed-metal oxide/hydroxide and a transition metal reactant suitable to react with a toxic chemical or byproduct thereof. The sorbent is contacted with the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof for a sampling time. A difference between a post-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent and a pre-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent is determined to thereby detect exposure to, or the presence of, the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof.

Abstract: Processes, compositions, and sensors for sensing a variety of toxic chemicals based on colorimetric changes. Exemplary process for sensing a toxic chemical includes contacting a toxic chemical, or byproduct thereof, with a sorbent that includes a porous metal hydroxide or a porous mixed-metal oxide/hydroxide and a transition metal reactant suitable to react with a toxic chemical or byproduct thereof. The sorbent is contacted with the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof for a sampling time. A difference between a post-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent and a pre-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent is determined to thereby detect exposure to, or the presence of, the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof.

Abstract: Provided are processes for the sensitive detection of the presence of, absence of, and optionally the identity of, one or more chemical agents. The processes use the binding of chemical agents to a metal organic framework or metal oxide/hydroxide electrically connected to a pair of electrodes to detect low levels of chemical in a sample. By exposing the surface of the metal organic framework or the surface of the metal oxide/hydroxide to the chemicals and then measuring changes in impedance magnitude and/or phase shift through electrical impedance spectroscopy, the presence of a chemical agent is readily detected.

Abstract: Processes for sensing a variety of toxic chemicals and/or processes for determining the residual life of a filter or filtration system are provided. Exemplary process for sensing a toxic chemical include contacting a toxic chemical, or byproduct thereof, with a sorbent that includes a porous metal hydroxide and a transition metal reactant suitable to react with a toxic chemical or byproduct thereof. The sorbent is contacted with the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof for a sampling time. A difference between a post-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent and a pre-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent or control is determined to thereby sense exposure to, or the presence of, the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof.

Abstract: Processes for sensing a variety of toxic chemicals and/or processes for determining the residual life of a filter or filtration system are provided. Exemplary process for sensing a toxic chemical include contacting a toxic chemical, or byproduct thereof, with a sorbent that includes a porous metal hydroxide and a transition metal reactant suitable to react with a toxic chemical or byproduct thereof. The sorbent is contacted with the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof for a sampling time. A difference between a post-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent and a pre-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent or control is determined to thereby sense exposure to, or the presence of, the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof.

Abstract: A method and composition of matter for detecting and decontaminating hazardous chemicals, the composition of matter including: a magnetic material for any of chemisorbing, molecularly dissociating, or decomposing a hazardous chemical, wherein the magnetic material changes its magnetic moment upon any of chemisorption, decomposition, and molecular dissociation of the hazardous chemical and the change in magnetic moment is used to detect the presence of the hazardous chemical, and wherein the hazardous chemical includes any of toxic industrial chemicals, chemical warfare agents, and chemical warfare agent related compounds.

Abstract: A method and composition of matter for detecting and decontaminating hazardous chemicals, the composition of matter including: a magnetic material for any of chemisorbing, molecularly dissociating, or decomposing a hazardous chemical, wherein the magnetic material changes its magnetic moment upon any of chemisorption, decomposition, and molecular dissociation of the hazardous chemical and the change in magnetic moment is used to detect the presence of the hazardous chemical, and wherein the hazardous chemical includes any of toxic industrial chemicals, chemical warfare agents, and chemical warfare agent related compounds.

Abstract: A method and composition of matter for detecting and decontaminating hazardous chemicals, the composition of matter including: a magnetic material for any of chemisorbing, molecularly dissociating, or decomposing a hazardous chemical, wherein the magnetic material changes its magnetic moment upon any of chemisorption, decomposition, and molecular dissociation of the hazardous chemical and the change in magnetic moment is used to detect the presence of the hazardous chemical, and wherein the hazardous chemical includes any of toxic industrial chemicals, chemical warfare agents, and chemical warfare agent related compounds.