Abstract: An all-donor black color electrochromic polymer is disclosed as well as a method for preparing the all-donor black color electrochromic polymer. The electrochromic polymer comprises conjugated polymers, and the conjugated polymers are chemically linked, or physically blended, or both.

Abstract: An electrochromic polymer with polar side chains is disclosed. The viscosity of the electrochromic polymer is controllable by adjusting a ratio between polar side chains and alkyl side chains for forming the electrochromic polymer. The disclosed electrochromic polymer with polar side chains can be also made into a film with a controllable thickness by coating.

Abstract: A thermally stable and solvent resistant conductive polymer composite and its manufacturing friendly preparation method are disclosed. The disclosed composite presents great electrical conductivity with thermal stability and solvent resistance. A method of mixing a host thiophene conjugated polymer and a crosslinkable silane precursor simultaneously introduces both dopant and rigid cross-linked siloxane network into polymer system. The thin film made by the disclosed thermally stable and solvent resistant conductive polymer composite can be applied to fabricate various devices.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to electrochromic compounds, the synthesis method and the uses thereof, particularly to a family of conjugated electrochromic polymers containing solubilizing side chains, where at least one side chain contains amide functional groups. The disclosed conjugated electrochromic polymers with amide-containing side chains demonstrated excellent redox switching in not only organic but also aqueous media while maintaining high photo contrast. The presence of the amide groups is also beneficial when it comes to lower the oxidation onset potential of the polymers, making them attractive candidates for electrochromic in aqueous environment.

Abstract: A composition for use as an electronic material. The composition contains at least one organic semiconducting material, and at least one electrically insulating polymer forming a semiconducting blend wherein the insulating polymer acts as a matrix for the organic semiconducting material resulting in an interpenetrating morphology of the polymer and the semiconductor material. The variation of charge carrier mobility with temperature in the semiconducting blend is less than 20 percent in a temperature range. A method of making a film of an electronic material. The method includes dissolving at least one organic semiconducting material and at least one insulating polymer into an organic solvent in a pre-determined ratio resulting in a semiconducting blend, depositing the blend onto a substrate to form a film comprising an interpenetrating morphology of the at least one insulating polymer and the at least one organic semiconductor material.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to electrochromic polymers that include a plurality of ?-conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and a plurality of conjugation-break spacers (CBSs), where at least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidization states.

Abstract: Black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers have superior properties such as absorbance of across the entire visible spectrum and an obvious color change from black to transmissive with an applied voltage. Methods for synthesizing or using the same include contacting monomers under polymerization conditions. Black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer thin films include the black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers, and electrochromic devices include the black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers or thin films.

Abstract: Various photocrosslinkable electrochromic polymers are disclosed. The polymers are suitable for an electrochromic layer of an electrochromic device. The polymers are formed with a two-step synthesis method that includes forming a polymer precursor with one or more chromophore blocks, and mixing the polymer precursor with photocrosslinkable monomer units to form the polymer.

Abstract: An electrochromic device, including a first transparent conductor layer, an electrochromic layer, a toughened interface layer positioned between and operationally connected in electric communication with the first transparent conductor layer and the electrochromic layer, an electrolyte operationally connected to the electrochromic layer, an ion storage layer operationally connected to the solid electrolyte layer, and a second transparent conductor layer operationally connected to the ion storage layer. The electrochromic device remains substantially free of interfacial delamination between the first transparent conductive and the electrochromic layer for at least 10,000 duty cycles.

Abstract: Electrochromic polymers include conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and conjugation-break spacers (CBSs). At least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidization states.

Abstract: A thermally stable and solvent resistant conductive polymer composite and its manufacturing friendly preparation method are disclosed. The disclosed composite presents great electrical conductivity with thermal stability and solvent resistance. A method of mixing a host conjugated polymer and a crosslinkable silane precursor simultaneously introduces both dopant and rigid cross-linked siloxane network into polymer system. The thin film made by the disclosed thermally stable and solvent resistant conductive polymer composite can be applied to fabricate various devices.

Abstract: A method of making an electrochromic device, includes: providing an electrochromic layer comprising a p-type electrochromic material; providing an ion-storage layer comprising an n-type metal oxide; and tuning the ion-storage layer, the electrochromic layer, or both the ion-storage layer and the electrochromic layer, so that when the electrochromic device is operating, the ion-storage layer operates in a minimally color changing mode.

Abstract: Ion-storage layers for electrochromic devices (ECDs) that are tuned to be minimally color changing (MCC) during operation of the ECDs. In some embodiments, an ion-storage layer is composed of an n-type metal oxide that complements a p-type electrochromic (EC) layer, such as an EC layer made of a p-type EC polymer. In some embodiments, an ion-storage layer may be tuned to be MCC by configuring an ion-storage layer to have a total charge density that is higher than the total charge density of a corresponding EC layer or to have a coloration efficiency lower than the coloration efficiency of the corresponding EC layer, or both. Methods for preparing ion-storage layers are disclosed, including methods for creating highly structured metal oxide having reduced coloration efficiencies. ECD devices incorporating MCC ion-storage layers are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrochromic device with one pigmentary color layer and one structural color layer is disclosed. The pigmentary color layer comprises electrochromic materials, which allow reversible and gradient switches between a colored state and a bleached state by electric field. In a colored state, the electrochromic device presents saturated pigmentary-structural additive color. In a bleached state, the structural color gradually vanished and leads to the optical transmissive state. The color coupling between these two color layers provides the disclosed devices with broader color gamut and angle-dependent optical response. Multiplexed and patterned devices have been further fabricated to demonstrate bio-mimic camouflage potentials.

Abstract: The disclosure relates generally to electrochromic devices wherein the self-bleaching behavior of an electrochromic polymer (ECP) film is suppressed, and related methods. In some embodiments, provided are ECP films on modified transparent conductive oxide substrates, such as a partially octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) covered indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate (POTS-ITO substrate), methods of preparing the ECP films, and electrochromic devices comprising the films.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to electrochromic compounds and the uses thereof, particularly to series of fluoroalkyl 3,4-dioxythiophene compounds and their electrochromic polymers or co-polymers. Both compositions and process for manufacturing thereof are in the scope of this invention.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to electrochromic compounds, the synthesis method and the uses thereof, particularly to a family of conjugated electrochromic polymers containing solubilizing side chains, where at least one side chain contains amide functional groups. The disclosed conjugated electrochromic polymers with amide-containing side chains demonstrated excellent redox switching in not only organic but also aqueous media while maintaining high photo contrast. The presence of the amide groups is also beneficial when it comes to lower the oxidation onset potential of the polymers, making them attractive candidates for electrochromic in aqueous environment.

Abstract: Ion-storage layers for electrochromic devices (ECDs) that are tuned to be minimally color changing (MCC) during operation of the ECDs. In some embodiments, an ion-storage layer is composed of an n-type metal oxide that complements a p-type electrochromic (EC) layer, such as an EC layer made of a p-type EC polymer. In some embodiments, an ion-storage layer may be tuned to be MCC by configuring an ion-storage layer to have a total charge density that is higher than the total charge density of a corresponding EC layer or to have a coloration efficiency lower than the coloration efficiency of the corresponding EC layer, or both. Methods for preparing ion-storage layers are disclosed, including methods for creating highly structured metal oxide having reduced coloration efficiencies. ECD devices incorporating MCC ion-storage layers are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of making solid-state semiconducting films. The methods include forming a mixture by mixing at least two monomers in a pre-determined proportion such that at least one of the at least two monomers contains at least one non-conjugation spacer. Polymerization of the mixture is achieved by reacting the monomers with one another resulting in a solid state polymer which is then purified. The purified solid state polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent to form a homogenous solution which is then deposited onto a substrate, forming a solid-state semiconducting film by evaporating the solvent. Alternatively, the purified solid state polymer is deposited onto a substrate and heated to form a liquid melt, and cooling the liquid melt results in a solid state semiconducting thin film. Also, films comprising a semiconducting polymer composition containing a minimum of one non-conjugation spacer and devices comprising such films.

Abstract: Methods of making solid-state semiconducting films. The methods include forming a mixture by mixing at least two monomers in a pre-determined proportion such that at least one of the at least two monomers contains at least one non-conjugation spacer. Polymerization of the mixture is achieved by reacting the monomers with one another resulting in a solid state polymer which is then purified. The purified solid state polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent to form a homogenous solution which is then deposited onto a substrate, forming a solid-state semiconducting film by evaporating the solvent. Alternatively, the purified solid state polymer is deposited onto a substrate and heated to form a liquid melt, and cooling the liquid melt results in a solid state semiconducting thin film. Also, films comprising a semiconducting polymer composition containing a minimum of one non-conjugation spacer and devices comprising such films.