Abstract: A battery structure with a cathode, an electrolyte, and a lithium metal anode is coated with a composite coating including a mixture of a polymer and a reinforcing fiber. The cathode and the lithium metal are held apart by a porous separator soaked with the electrolyte. The reinforcing fiber is dispersed in the polymer matrix. The composite coating is porous or non-porous. The composite coating conducts lithium ions. The reinforcing fiber is chemically functionalized.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method of producing a liquid-impregnated surface includes forming a solid particle suspension including a plurality of solid particles with an average dimension of between about 5 nm and about 200 ?m. The solid particle suspension is applied to a surface by spray-depositing the solid particle suspension onto the surface. An impregnating liquid is also applied to the surface. The plurality of solid particles and the impregnating liquid collectively form a liquid-impregnated surface. The impregnating liquid can be applied after the solid particle suspension is applied, or the solid particle suspension can include the impregnating liquid, such that the solid particle suspension and the impregnating liquid are concurrently spray-deposited onto the surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing silicon via a solid oxide membrane electrolysis process, including providing a crucible, providing a flux including silica within the crucible, providing a cathode in the crucible in electrical contact with the flux, and providing an anode disposed in the crucible spaced apart from the cathode and in electrical contact with the flux. The cathode includes a silicon-absorbing portion in fluid communication with the flux. The anode includes a solid oxide membrane around at least a portion of the anode. The method also includes generating an electrical potential between the cathode and anode sufficient to reduce silicon at an operating temperature, and cooling the silicon-absorbing portion to below the operating temperature, and precipitating out the silicon from the silicon-absorbing portion. The silicon-absorbing portion preferentially absorbs silicon, the silicon-absorbing portion is a liquid metal at the operating temperature, and the solid oxide membrane is permeable to oxygen.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to methods of forming liquid-impregnated surfaces, and in particular to methods of preparing solid particle solutions for forming textured surfaces which can be impregnated with an impregnating liquid to form a liquid-impregnated surface. In some embodiments, a method of forming a textured surface includes dissolving a solid in a solvent to form a solution. The solid has a concentration, which is less than a first saturation concentration of the solid in the solvent at a first temperature and greater than a second saturation concentration of the solid in the solvent at a second temperature. The solution is allowed to form a solid particle solution. The solid particle solution is then disposed on a surface and the solvent is allowed to evaporate to form the textured surface on the surface.

Abstract: A battery structure with a cathode, an electrolyte, and a lithium metal anode is coated with a composite coating including a mixture of a polymer and a reinforcing fiber. The cathode and the lithium metal are held apart by a porous separator soaked with the electrolyte. The reinforcing fiber is dispersed in the polymer matrix. The composite coating is porous or non-porous. The composite coating conducts lithium ions. The reinforcing fiber is chemically functionalized.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method of producing a liquid-impregnated surface includes forming a solid particle suspension including a plurality of solid particles with an average dimension of between about 5 nm and about 200 ?m. The solid particle suspension is applied to a surface by spray-depositing the solid particle suspension onto the surface. An impregnating liquid is also applied to the surface. The plurality of solid particles and the impregnating liquid collectively form a liquid-impregnated surface. The impregnating liquid can be applied after the solid particle suspension is applied, or the solid particle suspension can include the impregnating liquid, such that the solid particle suspension and the impregnating liquid are concurrently spray-deposited onto the surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing silicon via a solid oxide membrane electrolysis process, including providing a crucible, providing a flux including silica within the crucible, providing a cathode in the crucible in electrical contact with the flux, and providing an anode disposed in the crucible spaced apart from the cathode and in electrical contact with the flux. The cathode includes a silicon-absorbing portion in fluid communication with the flux. The anode includes a solid oxide membrane around at least a portion of the anode. The method also includes generating an electrical potential between the cathode and anode sufficient to reduce silicon at an operating temperature, and cooling the silicon-absorbing portion to below the operating temperature, and precipitating out the silicon from the silicon-absorbing portion. The silicon-absorbing portion preferentially absorbs silicon, the silicon-absorbing portion is a liquid metal at the operating temperature, and the solid oxide membrane is permeable to oxygen.