Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound represented by Formula 1 and an organic electroluminescent device. The organic electroluminescent device according to the present disclosure can exhibit a low driving voltage and a high current efficiency by having different structures of the compounds comprised in the first hole transport layer, the second hole transport layer, and the third hole transport layer and comprising a fluorene-amine, benzofluorene-amine, or naphthofluorene-amine structure in the second hole transport layer.

Abstract: An embodiment joint structure for a vehicle body includes a front body module that is a stationary part fixable to a front part of an under body of the vehicle body, a rear body module that is a variable part having a preset shape, the rear body module being attachable to and detachable from a rear part of the under body and a rear part of the front body module, a plurality of stationary part coupling modules disposed on an upper end surface portion of a rear edge of the front body module, and a plurality of variable part coupling modules disposed on an upper end surface portion of a front edge of the rear body module and couplable to the stationary part coupling modules by an electromagnetic force.

Abstract: An embodiment joint structure of a vehicle body includes a front body module fixed to a front portion of a center floor member of an underbody of the vehicle body, wherein the front body module is a fixed part, a rear body module detachably fixed to a rear portion of the center floor member and a rear portion of the front body module in a set shape, wherein the rear body module is a variable part, a plurality of center floor member coupling modules disposed on the center floor member at the rear portion of the front body module, and a plurality of variable part coupling modules disposed at a lower side of the rear body module and configured to be coupled to the center floor member coupling modules by electromagnetic force.

Abstract: A battery module includes: a battery cell assembly having a plurality of battery cells stacked therein and a plurality of frames supporting the plurality of battery cells; a front sensing assembly measuring voltages of the plurality of battery cells and mounted on a front end of the battery cell assembly; a rear sensing assembly measuring voltages of the plurality of battery cells and mounted on a rear end of the battery cell assembly; a front cover covering at least a portion of the front sensing assembly; and a rear cover covering at least a portion of the rear sensing assembly.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a control unit configured to determine an average ion concentration, a surface ion concentration and a solid phase potential for anode particles and an electrolyte potential in an anode, using a predefined electrochemical reduced order model. The control unit is further configured to determine a side reaction rate from the solid phase potential and the electrolyte potential. The control unit is further configured to reduce the magnitude of the charging current applied to a secondary battery based on at least one of a cutoff voltage, the surface ion concentration and the side reaction rate.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component includes a body including a dielectric layer and a first internal electrode and a second internal electrode having first to sixth surfaces, a first external electrode including a first connection portion on the third surface, a first band portion on a portion of the first surface, and a third band portion on a portion of the second surface, a second external electrode including a second connection portion on the fourth surface, a second band portion on a portion of the first surface, and a fourth band portion on a portion of the second surface, an insulating layer disposed on the first and second connection portions and covering the second surface and the third and fourth band portions, a first plating layer disposed on the first band portion, and a second plating layer disposed on the second band portion. The insulating layer includes an oxide containing Ba.

Abstract: A method of managing identification information of a drone may include: generating an access message, wherein the access message includes an identifier for the ground identification device, which is a transmitter, an identifier for a receiver, an execution function command for classifying and defining a function to be performed, a serial number for transmitting information sequentially and retransmitting the information when transmission fails, data size information for informing a size of data to be transmitted, and transmission data; and transmitting the access message to an integrated management system corresponding to the identifier for the receiver.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component includes: a body including dielectric layers and first and second internal electrodes and having first to sixth surfaces; a first external electrode including a first connection portion on the third surface, a first band portion on the first surface, and a third band portion on the second surface; a second external electrode including a second connection portion on the fourth surface, a second band portion on the first surface, and a fourth band portion on the second surface; a cover layer disposed on the first and second connecting portions and disposed to cover the second surface and the third and fourth band portions; a first plating layer disposed on the first band portion; and a second plating layer disposed on the second band portion. The cover layer includes a base layer, having hydrophilicity, and an insulating layer disposed on the base layer.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component includes a body including first and second surfaces opposing each other in a first direction, and third and fourth surfaces connected to the first and second surfaces and opposing each other in a second direction; a first external electrode including a first connection portion disposed on the third surface, and a third band portion extending from the first connection portion to a portion of the second surface; a second external electrode including a second connection portion disposed on the fourth surface, and a fourth band portion extending from the second connection portion to a portion of the second surface; an insulating layer disposed on the first and second connection portions and covering the second surface and the third and fourth band portions; the insulating layer includes an oxide including zirconium (Zr).

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component includes a body having a dielectric layer and first and second internal electrodes alternately disposed with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween. The body has a hexahedral shape. A first external electrode includes a first connection portion disposed on a third surface, and first and third band portions extending from the first connection portion respectively onto a portion of a first and a second surface. A second external electrode includes a second connection portion disposed on a fourth surface, and second and fourth band portions extending from the second connection portion respectively onto a portion of the first and second surfaces. An insulating layer including an oxide containing hafnium is disposed on the first and second connection portions and covers the second surface and the third and fourth band portions. First and second plating layers are disposed respectively on the first and second band portions.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component includes a body including first and second surfaces facing each other in a first direction, and third and fourth surfaces connected to the first and second surfaces and facing each other in a second direction, and including a capacitance forming portion including a dielectric layer and first and second internal electrodes alternately disposed with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween, a lower cover portion disposed between the first surface and the capacitance forming portion, and an upper cover portion disposed between the second surface and the capacitance forming portion, a first external electrode disposed on the third surface, and a second external electrode disposed on the fourth surface, wherein, among the upper cover portion and the lower cover portion, only the upper cover portion includes a buffer electrode.

Abstract: A battery management apparatus and method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to obtaining a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile for a battery cell in a non-destructive manner by appropriately adjusting a preset negative electrode profile. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, by using the battery profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile for the degraded battery cell, there is an advantage that the positive electrode profile of the degraded battery cell may be easily estimated in a non-destructive manner.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a body including a dielectric layer and internal electrodes; and an external electrode including a base electrode layer connected to the internal electrode, a thin film electrode layer disposed on the base electrode layer, and a plating layer disposed on the thin film electrode layer, wherein an average thickness of the base electrode layer may be 1 ?m or more and 3 ?m or less, and an average thickness of the thin film electrode layer may be 300 nm or more and 800 nm or less.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a body including a dielectric layer and internal electrodes; and an external electrode disposed on the body and including an electrode plating layer disposed to at least partially contact the internal electrodes, and a plating layer disposed on the electrode plating layer. The electrode plating layer may include a plurality of first crystal grains having a major axis of 0.2 ?m or more, and the plurality of first crystal grains may have an average ratio of a major diameter to a minor axis to 1:1 to 3:1.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the present disclosure, among a plurality of crystal grains included in first electrode layers, crystal grains disposed on an end of the dielectric layer in the second direction and in contact with the second electrode layers are defined as first crystal grains and crystal grains disposed on ends of the internal electrodes in the second direction and in contact with the second electrode layers are defined as second crystal grains, and a growth direction of the first crystal grains and a growth direction of the second crystal grains may be adjusted, so that bonding force between the first electrode layers and the body may be improved.

Abstract: A battery management apparatus and method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to obtaining a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile for a battery cell in a non-destructive manner by appropriately adjusting a preset negative electrode profile. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, by using the battery profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile for the degraded battery cell, there is an advantage that the positive electrode profile of the degraded battery cell may be easily estimated in a non-destructive manner.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component including: a body including a capacitance formation portion, cover portions disposed on surfaces on the capacitance formation portion opposing each other in one direction, and margin portions disposed on surfaces of the capacitance formation portion opposing each other in another direction; a first external electrode; a second external electrode, and the cover portions include a first-first buffer layer connected to the first external electrode and a first-second buffer layer connected to the second external electrode, and the margin portions include a second-first buffer layer connected to the first external electrode and a second-second buffer layer connected to the second external electrode, and the first-first buffer layer and the second-first buffer layer are connected to each other, and the first-second buffer layer and the second-second buffer layer are connected to each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for controlling step charging of a secondary battery. A charging control unit determines a SOC, an OCV and a polarization voltage of the secondary battery, determines an OCV deviation corresponding to a difference between the OCV and a predefined minimum OCV value, determines a correction factor corresponding to the polarization voltage and the OCV deviation, determines a look-up SOC by correcting the SOC according to the correction factor, determines the magnitude of a charging current corresponding to the look-up SOC, and provides the determined charging current to a charging device.

Abstract: A charging control apparatus measures a first temperature of a first secondary battery selected from the plurality of secondary batteries, a second temperature of a coolant flowing into the cooling device, a charging current of the secondary battery pack, a first terminal voltage of the first secondary battery and a second terminal voltage of a second secondary battery closest to the cooling device, estimates a temperature of a temperature estimation point of the second secondary battery from a lumped thermal model having a thermal resistance between two points selected from the temperature estimation point of the second secondary battery, the first temperature measurement point and the second temperature measurement point, and measurement data about temperature, current and voltage, and determines the estimated temperature as a minimum temperature of the secondary battery pack, and varies a charging power provided to the secondary battery pack according to the minimum temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for controlling step charging of a secondary battery. A charging control unit determines a SOC, an OCV and a polarization voltage of the secondary battery, determines an OCV deviation corresponding to a difference between the OCV and a predefined minimum OCV value, determines a correction factor corresponding to the polarization voltage and the OCV deviation, determines a look-up SOC by correcting the SOC according to the correction factor, determines the magnitude of a charging current corresponding to the look-up SOC, and provides the determined charging current to a charging device.