Abstract: A robot safety guard system for installation in the ground around a robot with an operating range is disclosed to include a plurality of sensor modules mounted on the ground beyond the operating range of the robot. Each sensor module includes 2 first sensors each providing a first sensing range. The first sensing ranges of the first sensors of the sensor modules are combined to define a first warning area. One of the sensor modules further includes a second sensor that provides a second sensing range. The second sensing range defines a second warning area beyond the first warning area. In this way, the robot safety guard system is constructed having low construction costs, fast reaction time and space-saving.

Abstract: A method includes simulating characteristics of a first transmission line having a first length, and simulating characteristics of a second transmission line having a second length greater than the first length. A calculation is then performed on the characteristics of the first transmission line and the characteristics of the second transmission line to generate intrinsic characteristics of a third transmission line having a length equal to a difference of the second length and the first length.

Abstract: Provided is a method of de-embedding. The method includes forming a test structure having a device-under-test embedded therein, the test structure having left and right pads coupling the device-under-test, the device-under-test dividing the test structure into left and right half structures, the left and right half structures each having intrinsic transmission parameters; forming a plurality of dummy test structures, each dummy test structure including a left pad and a right pad; measuring transmission parameters of the test structure and the dummy test structures; and deriving intrinsic transmission parameters of the device-under-test using the intrinsic transmission parameters of the left and right half structures and the transmission parameters of the test structure and the dummy test structures.

Abstract: A method includes simulating characteristics of a first transmission line having a first length, and simulating characteristics of a second transmission line having a second length greater than the first length. A calculation is then performed on the characteristics of the first transmission line and the characteristics of the second transmission line to generate intrinsic characteristics of a third transmission line having a length equal to a difference of the second length and the first length.

Abstract: Provided is a method of de-embedding. The method includes forming a test structure having a device-under-test embedded therein, the test structure having left and right pads coupling the device-under-test, the device-under-test dividing the test structure into left and right half structures, the left and right half structures each having intrinsic transmission parameters; forming a plurality of dummy test structures, each dummy test structure including a left pad and a right pad; measuring transmission parameters of the test structure and the dummy test structures; and deriving intrinsic transmission parameters of the device-under-test using the intrinsic transmission parameters of the left and right half structures and the transmission parameters of the test structure and the dummy test structures.