Abstract: The invention concerns a security document (7) having a first transparent region (72) in which a first transparent optical element (74) is arranged and a second region (71) in which a second opaque optical element (73) is arranged. The second opaque optical element (73) exhibits a first optical effect. The first region (72) and the second region (71) are arranged in mutually spaced relationship on a carrier (75) of the security document, in such a way that the first and second regions can be brought into mutually overlapping relationship. Upon overlap of the second optical element with the first optical element with a first spacing (26) between the first and second optical elements a second optical effect appears and upon overlap of the second optical element with the first optical element with a second spacing (25) between the first and second optical elements, which is greater than the first spacing (26), a third optical effect (51) which is different from the second optical effect appears.

Abstract: The invention concerns a multi-layer film element (1) and a process for the production of such a film element. The multi-layer film element (1) has at least one flexible dielectric layer (16) and one or more electrically conductive layers (15, 17) each comprising an electrically conductive material. The layer thickness of the electrically conductive layer or layers is in each case less than 20 ?m. The electrically conductive layer or layers are shaped in pattern form for forming two or more conductor structures which are coupled together to afford an antenna structure galvanically connected to an electric circuit (19).

Abstract: The invention concerns an individualized security document (1) and a method of individualizing a security document. The individualized security document (1) has a number of pages (12 to 15) which are connected together by means of stitching or adhesive. In addition integrated into the security document by means of stitching and adhesive is a single-layer or multi-layer film body (2) which is provided with an individualized optical security element and which is folded in the region of the stitching or adhesive. The fold divides the film body (2) into a first part (21) on which the individualized optical security element is arranged and a second, preferably flap-shaped part (22) which is permanently connected to a plastic body having at least one machine-readable security element, wherein the at least one machine-readable security element has an electronic circuit for RF identification.

Abstract: Described is a security element for increasing the forgery-proof nature of a security document, in particular an identity card or pass, a passport or an identification card. The security element (1) has a first diffractive region (15) having an open code which is visible with a naked eye. The first diffractive region further has a concealed code which is not visible with the naked eye and which can be reconstructed from the arrangement of diffractive microregions disposed in the first region (1) and/or from the structure of the first diffractive region (1). Further described is a method of increasing the forgery-proof nature of a security document.

Abstract: Described is a multi-layer body (10i) comprising an optically machine-readable identification, wherein the multi-layer body has at least one first plastic material layer with a microscopically fine relief structure shaped in that layer and the optical effect of the microscopically fine relief structure can be altered region-wise for writing in an item of information. First and second regions have different relief structures and form a background pattern (1 through 7) which encodes a first item of information and which is partially altered for writing in an individualised code pattern (1i through 3i) which encodes an individualised second item of information and which overlaps the background pattern. There is also described a method of manufacturing such a multi-layer body and a method of reading the items of information.

Abstract: There is described a security element having at least one optically variable device, in which at least one layer of the optically variable device is in the form of an electrically active layer (13, 14) of an electronic component and/or an electronic circuit.

Abstract: A security element for RF identification and a process for the production of such a security element. The security element has a flexible, electrically non-conducting substrate layer and a conductive layer of an electrically conducting material which is applied to the substrate layer and which in a first surface region of the substrate layer is shaped out in pattern form to form an RF component. A first relief structure is shaped at least in region-wise manner in the surface region, associated with the RF component, in the first conductive layer.