Abstract: The present invention is a screen, such as is used in back-lit projection screens, having a Fresnel lens laminated to another layer for support. The screen includes a Fresnel lens having an output surface, and a dispersing screen supportingly attached on a first side to the output surface of the Fresnel lens.

Abstract: Rear projection screens include a film layer having a plurality of lenses for diverging light horizontally and vertically. The horizontal viewing angle created by the lenses may be different from the vertical viewing angle. The light may be directed by the lenses in a particular direction, so that the direction of the maximum intensity light does not lie parallel to an axis normal to the screen surface. The lens film may be combined with an isotropic light disperser, such as a bulk diffuser.

Abstract: A Gen III retrofit package for a Gen II image intensifier which utilizes a 1:1 relay lens in front of the Gen III tube to focus an inverted image on the far side of a glass plate where the photocathode is located.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for separating a thin film from a substrate, the thin film having a surface with a selected width, includes an indenter for applying a force to the surface of the thin film that is substantially equal along the selected width. The forces are applied until separation of a portion of the thin film from the substrate occurs. In a preferred embodiment, the indenter is made from a block of material having a substantially flat surface engageable with the surface of the thin film. The substantially flat surface of the block of material has a width at least equal to the width of the surface of the thin film. Based on the two dimensional geometry of the mechanics, accurate analysis of work of adhesion is achieved.

Abstract: A mobile apparatus and method for treating contaminated soil is disclosed. The apparatus consists of three interconnected subunits, namely a fluidized bed reactor for segregating an aqueous soil slurry based on particle size; a metals extraction unit for removing heavy metals and other contaminants from the contaminated soil fraction; and a water treatment system utilizing a high density sludge process to remove metals from the contaminated aqueous phase. The fluidized bed reactor includes a relatively small mixing chamber and a relatively large settling chamber which are partially separated by a baffle. Pressurized gas and foaming agent are dispersed into the mixing chamber to segregate the soil particles into a first fraction containing relatively small, contaminated soil particles and a second fraction containing relatively large, uncontaminated soil particles.

Abstract: A low-profile transmissive overhead projector employs a folded optical path and an off-axis Fresnel lens condensing system which includes a catadioptric lens element. This lens provides a fast condensing system which allows collimation, dispersion, or concentration of light striking the lens at a high angle of incidence, with efficient transmission to the far edge of the lens. This also enables additional reduction in the OHP base height by allowing the single mirror to be mounted at a flatter angle, with the light source still maintained at a position below (and adjacent) the stage. A novel catadioptric lens design further imparts achromaticity to the element, so that it may be constructed of any material, regardless of its index of refraction. The condensing system may have a single or doublet catadioptric lens.

Abstract: A low-profile transmissive overhead projector employs a folded optical path and an off-axis Fresnel lens condensing system which includes a catadioptric lens element. This lens provides a fast condensing system which allows collimation, dispersion, or concentration of light striking the lens at a high angle of incidence, with efficient transmission to the far edge of the lens. This also enables additional reduction in the OHP base height by allowing the single mirror to be mounted at a flatter angle, with the light source still maintained at a position below (and adjacent) the stage. A novel catadioptric lens design further imparts achromaticity to the element, so that it may be constructed of any material, regardless of its index of refraction. The condensing system may have a single or doublet catadioptric lens.

Abstract: An optical device for reorienting an optical image from a first optical pathway to a second optical pathway and the method of manufacturing such an optical device. In a preferred embodiment, a housing is provided that defines at least two optical pathways. Both optical pathways align with a common aperture in the housing. Since both optical pathways are generally cylindrically shaped and the common aperture aligns with both optical pathways, the common aperture is elliptical in shape so as to correspond to the plane of intersection between the two cylindrical pathways. A generally rectangular mirror, that is larger than the elliptical aperture in the housing, is placed over the aperture on the exterior of the housing. As a result, the mirror covers the area of the elliptical aperture and redirects any light passing through the elliptical aperture from one of the optical pathways into the other optical pathway.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a diamond coating on a substrate. The method includes a first step of applying a partial diamond coating having an effective amount of void area therein to the work surface of a substrate. In a follow-up step the void area in the partial coating is filled with binder, preferably metallic binder. In a later step, diamond projecting outwardly from the binder is further grown, to generate a covering portion or a head portion extending over, and in protective relationship with, the binder or binder material. According to the present invention preferred products are also provided.

Abstract: A low-profile transmissive overhead projector employs a folded optical path and an off-axis Fresnel lens condensing system which includes a catadioptric lens element. This lens provides a fast condensing system which allows collimation, dispersion, or concentration of light striking the lens at a high angle of incidence, with efficient transmission to the far edge of the lens. This also enables additional reduction in the OHP base height by allowing the single mirror to be mounted at a flatter angle, with the light source still maintained at a position below (and adjacent) the stage. A novel catadioptric lens design further imparts achromaticity to the element, so that it may be constructed of any material, regardless of its index of refraction. The condensing system may have a single or doublet catadioptric lens.

Abstract: The present invention is a device and method for masking a predetermined area on a surface during sputter deposition. The present invention includes a plurality of alignment arms that extend above the surface to be sputter coated and terminate above the periphery of the area to be masked. A masking member is formed to have a profile that exactly matches the area to be masked. The alignment arms prevent the masking member from contacting the surface to be sputter coated until the masking member is properly oriented and aligned above the area to be masked. The masking member then passes through the alignment arms, masking the desired area, while the alignment arms prevent the masking member from moving away from the desired masked area.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a diamond coating on a substrate. The method includes a first step of applying a partial diamond coating having an effective amount of void area therein to the work surface of a substrate. In a follow-up step the void area in the partial coating is filled with binder, preferably metallic binder. In a later step, diamond projecting outwardly from the binder is further grown, to generate a covering portion or a head portion extending over, and in protective relationship with, the binder or binder material. According to the present invention preferred products are also provided.

Abstract: A branch point for an optical fiber stub or drop cable from a main distribution cable has an optical fiber cable splice module for protecting the optical fibers and splices from moisture and mechanical damage, providing a strong anchoring point for the optical fiber drop cable, and insuring that the minimum fiber bend radius is not violated. The splice module forms an enclosure for the splices which are held in place mechanically by rows of pins. The stub cable may also be preconnectorized.

Abstract: The present invention is a light fixture having a catadioptric lens designed to discard preselected amounts of light from a light source. The percentage of the light discarded will vary over the surface of the reflector in order to provide a predetermined output intensity distribution.

Abstract: A predetermined optical fiber cable has a main trunk cable comprising a plurality of optical fibers disposed therein and multiple drop cables spliced to the trunk cable at various branch points, the preterminated fiber optic cable being completely assembled at the time of manufacture and is easily installed thereafter. At each branch point an optical fiber cable splice closure is utilized for protecting the optical fibers and splices from moisture and mechanical damage, providing a strong anchoring point for the optical fiber drop cable, and insuring that the minimum fiber bend radius is not violated. The splice closure is cylindrical in shape and has a cavity providing room for the splices and for excess optical fiber storage.

Abstract: The present invention is a light fixture having a reflector designed to discard preselected amounts of light from a light source. The percentage of the light discarded will vary over the surface of the reflector in order to provide a predetermined output intensity distribution.

Abstract: An optical fiber cable having a predetermined length includes a plurality of optical fibers, each fiber having first and second ends. The first ends of the fibers are located coincidental with a first end of the optical fiber cable. The optical fibers are provided with differing lengths so that the second ends of the optical fibers are disposed at different locations along the length of the optical fiber cable. Indicia are provided on the cable to indicate the locations of the second ends of the fibers.

Abstract: In a random access retrieval apparatus having disc/radial selection and path length compensation systems a bearing and guide means permitting and transmitting high speed linear, angular and rotational motion among a rotating shaft, a frame and a driven element. A first bearing element mounted on a shaft for rotational movement therewith and linear movement there along, a second bearing element supporting the frame for angular motion relative to the shaft and first bearing element and for linear movement with the first bearing element and relative to the shaft.

Abstract: The present invention provides a retroreflective material which is efficient at high angles of incidence and which may be individually tailored so as to distribute light retroreflected by the material into a desired pattern or divergence profile.

Abstract: The present invention provides a retroreflective material which has improved retroreflectivity at high angles of incidence. The retroreflective material comprises a transparent surface layer and an array of reflecting elements, each of the reflecting elements including a rectangular base having a length L, two tetragonal faces nearly perpendicular to each other and having a line of intersection of length Y, the length Y being less than said length L, a triangular face nearly perpendicular to the tetragonal faces; and a non-perpendicular triangular face forming an angle alpha with the plane perpendicular to the base, the angle alpha being preferably about sin.sup.-1 (0.25/n) to sin.sup.-1 (l/n), and more preferably about sin.sup.-1 (0.35/n) to sin.sup.-1 (0.