Abstract: The invention provides a transgenic plant having increased expression of a positive regulator protein of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), thereby enhancing the SAR response and pathogen resistance of the plant. The positive regulator protein is a component of a signal transduction pathway leading to (SAR), and is a MAP kinase protein (MPK4) substrate, and interacts with transcription factors.

Abstract: Uses of MAPK4, a member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family, are provided herein, based on the discovery that the MAPK4 negatively regulates the expression of genes associated with disease (e.g. PR-genes) and wound responses in plants such that the loss of MAPK4 function leads to their derepression. Methods are disclosed for controlling the growth of a plant and/or the expression of at least one wounding or pathogen response gene in said plant, the method comprising altering in the plant the level of the gene product of a MAPK4 gene. Furthermore, transgenic plants transformed with an MAPK4 construct and having enhanced wound and/or disease resistance are disclosed.

Abstract: Transgenic pathogen-resistant organism whose genome contains at least two different genes under the control of active promoters with pathogen-inhibiting action. This organism is distinguished by a synergistic pathogen-inhibiting action. This action is evident particularly when the genes code for the gene products chitinase (ChiS, ChiG), glucanase (GluG), protein synthesis inhibitor (PSI) and antifungal protein (AFP).

Abstract: Transgenic pathogen-resistant organism whose genome contains at least two different genes under the control of active promoters with pathogen-inhibiting action. This organism is distinguished by a synergistic pathogen-inhibiting action. This action is evident particularly when the genes code for the gene products chitinese (ChiS, ChiG), glucanase (GluG), protein synthesis inhibitor (PSI) and antifungal protein (AFR).

Abstract: Described are a method of producing pathogen-resistant plants in which a protein-synthesis inhibitor gene or a fusion product of the protein-synthesis inhibitor gene or of the protein-synthesis inhibitor protein with ligands permitting specific attachment to cells is introduced into the genotype of plants under the control of an active promotor, and the use of the protein-synthesis inhibitor protein obtained by introducing the protein-synthesis inhibitor gene into the bacterial overproducers for making pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: Transgenic pathogen-resistant organism whose genome contains at least two different genes under the control of active promoters with pathogen-inhibiting action. This organism is distinguished by a synergistic pathogen-inhibiting action. This action is evident particularly when the genes code for the gene products chitinase (ChiS, ChiG), glucanase (GluG), protein synthesis inhibitor (PSI) and antifungal protein (AFP).

Abstract: Transgenic pathogen-resistant organism whose genome contains at least two different genes under the control of active promoters with pathogen-inhibiting action. This organism is distinguished by a synergistic pathogen-inhibiting action. This action is evident particularly when the genes code for the gene products chitinase (ChiS, ChiG), glucanase (GluG), protein synthesis inhibitor (PSI) and antifungal protein (AFP).

Abstract: A fishing tool equipped with a number of useful features including a fish hook sneller. The tool comprises a support body with a hook holding mechanism provided at one end of this body adapted to engage a section of a hook. A line holder has first and second spaced apart arms with the first arm being longer than the second and generally parallel thereto. These arms are connected together and slidable in the support body between an outer position in which both arms project from the side of the support body and an inner position wherein the second arm does not project at all or substantially from the side of the support body and the first arm is flush or slightly protruding. The first arm is provided with a line catching member at one end thereof so that a line looped around this arm will not slip off when the arms are slid to the inner position. In a preferred embodiment, the line holder is generally U-shaped with a connecting section extending between ends of the two arms.

Abstract: Described are a method of producing pathogen-resistant plants in which a protein-synthesis inhibitor gene or a fusion product of the protein-synthesis inhibitor gene or of the protein-synthesis inhibitor protein with ligands permitting specific attachment to cells is introduced into the genotype of plants under the control of an active promotor, and the use of the protein-synthesis inhibitor protein obtained by introducing the protein-synthesis inhibitor gene into the bacterial overproducers for making pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: Transgenic pathogen-resistant organism whose genome contains at least two different genes under the control of active promoters with pathogen-inhibiting action. This organism is distinguished by a synergistic pathogen-inhibiting action. This action is evident particularly when the genes code for the gene products chitinase (ChiS, ChiG), glucanase (GluG), protein synthesis inhibitor (PSI) and antifungal protein (AFP).