Abstract: A cell suitable for use with an atomic clock and a method for making the same, the cell including: a silicon wafer having a recess formed therein; at least one amorphous silicate member having an ion mobility and temperature expansion coefficient approximately that of silicon sealing the recess; and, an alkali metal containing component and buffer gas contained in the recess. The method includes: providing a silicon wafer; forming a cavity through the silicon wafer; introducing an alkali metal containing component and buffer gas into the cavity; and, anodically bonding at least one amorphous silicate member having an ion mobility and temperature expansion coefficient approximately that of silicon to the wafer to close the cavity.

Abstract: A cell suitable for use with an atomic clock and a method for making the same, the cell including: a silicon wafer having a recess formed therein; at least one amorphous silicate member having an ion mobility and temperature expansion coefficient approximately that of silicon sealing the recess; and, an alkali metal containing component and buffer gas contained in the recess. The method includes: providing a silicon wafer; forming a cavity through the silicon wafer; introducing an alkali metal containing component and buffer gas into the cavity; and, anodically bonding at least one amorphous silicate member having an ion mobility and temperature expansion coefficient approximately that of silicon to the wafer to close the cavity.

Abstract: A method and system for optimizing variable locations within disparate storage elements in a target processing environment according to a least cost analysis based upon the number of times a variable is accessed by one or more program loops forming a program.

Abstract: Signalling means for enhancing the performance of automatic fingerprint identification systems by reducing system response to non-fingerprint-like regions within an image field pattern of interest. A two dimensional generalized sequency analyzer, such as a fast Fourier transform machine, responsive to a binary coded image signal identifies discrete frequency terms occurring within a selected bandwidth corresponding to a spatial frequency region of interest, associated with a fingerprint image. Logic means, responsive to the sequency analyzer, further identifies the relative energy levels of the bandwidth-limited spectral content of the binary coded image signal to signal the identity of a non-fingerprint-like region within the scanned image.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the smoothing and singularity detection of the ridge contour data of a fingerprint image for classification in an automatic fingerprint identification system. A template scanning window is passed electronically over a digital matrix of ridge contour data to generate a set of correlation values corresponding to each contour data element and to a plurality of reference angle vectors. The correlation values are processed for determination of peaks and valleys. Tests are conducted to determine whether the relative values of peaks and valleys and the relative spacing between peaks and valleys satisfy certain threshold criteria for reliable extraction of fingerprint singularity points for classification. The resultant data, representing the number of correlation peaks and the direction of each, defines the location and angular orientation of cores and deltas of a fingerprint.

Abstract: An automatic system is described wherein pattern representations of epidermal ridges, such as fingerprints, are uniquely described by the extraction of specific information. Specific information such as ridge contour data, describing the ridge flow in the fingerprint pattern and minutiae data, principally describing ridge endings and bifurcations, are identified and extracted from the fingerprint pattern. Topological data, identifying singularity points such as tri-radii and cores, as well as ridge flow line tracings related to those points are extracted from the ridge contour data. The extracted information is then utilized by the system to automatically perform classification of the fingerprint pattern and/or matching of the fingerprint pattern with patterns stored in a mass file. Identification is automatically achieved by comparing the extracted information with the information stored in the mass file corresponding to previously identified fingerprint patterns.

Abstract: A system which, in one exemplary embodiment, comprises first means responsive to minutiae of first and second fingerprints for selectively generating a plurality of neighborhood comparison signals indicative of the closeness of match and coordinate displacements between minutiae neighborhoods of the first and second fingerprints, and second means responsive to the neighborhood comparison signals for developing an output signal indicative of the relative closeness of match of the first and second fingerprints.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for detecting minutiae in a two-dimensional binary image. In a preferred embodiment a two-dimensional binary data bit stream of an image is enhanced in an enhancement circuit by pore-fill and line-thin operations. The enhanced binary data bit stream is then applied in parallel to first and second detectors which detect minutiae and extract the X, Y and .theta. coordinates of each minutiae detected in the enhanced binary data bit stream.

Abstract: An operator interactive pattern processing system is described which combines high speed recognition and processing abilities of an automatic portion with the estimating and recognition abilities of a human operator to extract correct data from patterns, such as poor quality unidentified latent fingerprint patterns and achieve rapid identification thereof. The automatic portion reads the unidentified pattern and extracts specific information therefrom such as ridge contour data describing the epidermal ridge flow and minutial data principally describing ridge endings and bifurcations. Topological data, identifying singularity points such as tri-radii and cores as well as ridge flow line tracings related to those points are automatically extracted from the ridge contour data.

Abstract: A system for enhancing a binary data bit stream derived from a two-dimensional pattern image wherein, in a preferred embodiment, each data bit in the bit stream and a preselected group of bits associated therewith are sequentially stored in a first location and in associated preselected locations, respectively, of a storage circuit of a first enhancement stage. The bits associated with each data bit are utilized as an address to cause a read only memory to develop a decision bit as a function of the address. A gating circuit develops an output bit in response to each data bit and its associated decision bit. The sequence of output bits forms an enhanced data bit stream which appears at the output of the first enhancement stage for further application to one or more additional cascaded enhancement stages.