Abstract: A kit for three-dimensional printing a metal object is described. The kit comprises a build material and a shaping composition. The build material comprises metallic particles. The shaping composition comprises a metallic mixture for forming an intermetallic compound with the metallic particles and/or that is exothermically reactive.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes three-dimensional printing kits, three-dimensional printing systems, and methods of making three-dimensional printed objects. In one example, a three-dimensional printing kit can include a build material and a binding agent. The build material can include particles of copper or a copper alloy. The binding agent can include water, copper (II) nitrate or a hydrate thereof, and a reaction inhibition additive. The additive can be a copper oxide etchant, a water-soluble phosphate-containing compound, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A powder bed material can include from 80 wt % to 100 wt % metal particles having a D50 particle size distribution value from 4 ?m to 150 ?m. From 10 wt % to 100 wt % of the metal particles can be surface-activated metal particles having in intact inner volume and an outer volume with structural defects. The structural defects can exhibit an average surface grain density of 50,000 to 5,000,000 per mm2.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printing kit can include a particulate build material with from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % copper-containing build particles having a D50 particle size distribution value from about 1 ?m to about 150 ?m, a binding agent including a build binder to apply to particulate build material layers to form a green body object, and a shaping composition to apply to a surface of the green body object and to control green body object deformation. The shaping composition can include from about 10 wt % to about 80 wt % liquid vehicle and from about 20 wt % to about 90 wt % metal shaping particles having a D50 particle size distribution value from about 100 nm to about 100 ?m. The metal shaping particles can be smaller than the copper-containing build particles.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a conductive trace precursor composition comprising a metal salt; 3 to 15 weight % of a reducing solvent selected from a lactam and/or a polyol, and water. Where the reducing solvent is 2-pyrrolidinone, the 2-pyrrolidinone is not present in an amount of 5 weight % or in an amount of 7.5 weight % of the conductive trace precursor composition.

Abstract: A shaping composition for controlling deformation of a green body object can include from about 10 wt % to about 80 wt % liquid vehicle, and from about 10 wt % to about 90 wt % metal particulates. The metal particulates can include from about 35 wt % to about 90 wt % high melting point metal particles, from about 10 wt % to about 65 wt % aluminum alloy particles, and from about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % metal complex selected from an inorganic metal salt, an organic metal salt, or a metal oxide. The metal of the metal complex can include copper, iron, aluminum, chromium, titanium, cobalt, silver, gold, nickel, tin, or zinc.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of 3D printing a 3D printed object. The 5 method comprises printing a layer of a build material composition comprising a solution of a metal salt and a liquid carrier. An interconnected metal network is formed by reducing the metal salt in the printed build material composition. A further layer of the build material composition is printed over the interconnected metal network, and the metal salt in the further layer is reduced to form a further 10 interconnected metal network over the underlying interconnected metal network to provide a porous structure to the 3D printed object. By layering and joining interconnected metal networks one on top of another, porous regions may be constructed within the 3D printed part.

Abstract: In one example in accordance with the present disclosure, an additive manufacturing system is described. The additive manufacturing system includes an additive manufacturing device to form a three-dimensional (3D) printed object with regions of differing porosity. The additive manufacturing system also includes a controller to form the 3D printed object. Specifically, by controlling ejection of a first binding agent onto a porous region and a non-porous region of the 3D printed object and controlling ejection of a second binding agent onto the non-porous region of the 3D printed object.

Abstract: A powder bed material can include from 80 wt % to 100 wt % metal particles having a D50 particle size distribution value from 4 ?m to 150 ?m. From 10 wt % to 100 wt % of the metal particles can be surface-activated metal particles having in intact inner volume and an outer volume with structural defects. The structural defects can exhibit an average surface grain density of 50,000 to 5,000,000 per mm2.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to a three-dimensional printing kit and can include a particulate build material including from about 80 wt % to about 100 wt % metal particles, and a binding agent including water, from about 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt % organic compounds, and from about 20 wt % to about 60 wt % copper nitrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to a material set including a powder bed material and a binder fluid. The powder bed material can be from 80 wt % to 100 wt % metal particles having a metal core and a thin metal layer on the core, and the metal particles having a D50 particle size distribution value ranging from 4 ?m to 150 ?m and the thin metal layer having an average thickness from 20 nm to 2 ?m. The binder fluid can adhere a first portion of the powder bed material relative to a second portion of the powder bed material not in contact with the binder fluid.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a kit for 3D printing a 3D printed metal object. The kit comprises build material comprising metal particles; and a binding agent. The binding agent comprises a hydrated metal salt having a dehydration temperature of from 100 to about 250° C., and water. The binding agent may be either free from organic solvent and surfactant, or the binding agent comprises organic solvent and/or surfactant and the total amount of organic solvent and/or surfactant is less than 3 weight % based on the total weight of the binding agent.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a three-dimensional printing kit comprising: a powder bed material comprising polymer particles; a fusing agent comprising a radiation absorber and a liquid carrier; and a magnetic marking agent comprising magnetic nanoparticles, a humectant and a liquid carrier, wherein the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles is 5 to 70 weight % based on the total weight of the magnetic agent. The present disclosure also relates to a method of three-dimensional (3D) printing a 3D printed object. The method comprises: selectively applying a magnetic marking agent onto powder bed material, wherein the powder bed material comprises polymer particles, and wherein the magnetic marking agent comprises magnetic nanoparticles and a liquid carrier; selectively fusing the powder bed material, such that the magnetic nanoparticles are incorporated in the 3D printed object in a predetermined arrangement that forms a detectable marker in the 3D printed object.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of three-dimensional (3D) printing a 3D printed object. The method comprises: selectively jetting a marking agent onto a first region of build material, wherein the build material comprises at least one meta and/or ceramic; selectively jetting a binding agent onto at least a portion of the build material; and binding the build material to form a layer; such that the marking agent is incorporated in the metal part in a predetermined arrangement that forms a detectable marker in the 3D printed object. The disclosure also relates to a multi-fluid inkjet kit for 3D printing.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printing kit can include a particulate build material, a binding agent, and a supportive coating agent. The particulate build material can include from about 80 wt % to about 100 wt % metal particles based on the total weight of the particulate build material. The binding agent can include binder particles dispersed in a binder liquid vehicle. The supportive coating agent can include ceramic particles having a negative coefficient of thermal expansion, a gelling compound, and a supportive coating liquid vehicle.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of three-dimensional (3D) printing a 3D printed metal object. The method comprises selectively jetting an alloying agent onto build material. The build material comprises a first metal and the alloying agent comprises an alloying component that forms an alloy with the first metal. The method also comprises selectively jetting a binding agent onto the build material; binding the build material to form a layer: the alloying component is incorporated in the 3D object in a predetermined arrangement that comprises a first and a second region. The first region comprises the alloying component and the second region is substantially free from the alloying component or comprises the alloying component at a lower concentration than the first regions. The disclosure also relates to a kit that may be used in the method and a 3D printed structure that may be formed using the method.

Abstract: An in-situ monitoring device for selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing may include at least one coherent electromagnetic wave source to produce a detection beam, an interferometer interposed between the electromagnetic wave source and a target detection area, a photodetector to detect displacement measuring interference between electromagnetic waves from the electromagnetic wave source and reflected electromagnetic waves from the target detection area through the interferometer, and control logic to cause the detection beam to follow a print path of a material forming laser at a distance behind the material forming laser. The detection beam is placed on a laser-melted and at least partially solidified portion of a layer of a three-dimensional (3D) object formed by the material forming laser.

Abstract: A kit for three-dimensional printing a metal object is described. The kit comprises a build material and a shaping composition. The build material comprises metallic particles. The shaping composition comprises a metallic mixture for forming an intermetallic compound with the metallic particles and/or that is exothermically reactive.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a three-dimensional (3D) printing materials kit comprising: a first tailoring agent comprising at least one crosslinking agent; a second tailoring agent comprising at least one plasticizer, and a fusing agent. The present disclosure also relates to a printed structure comprising regions of relatively higher ductility and regions of relatively lower ductility. The regions of relatively higher ductility can be interspersed by the regions of relatively lower ductility, and the regions of relatively lower ductility can be formed from a crosslinked polymer and/or a polymer composition comprising a reinforcing filler, and/or the regions of relatively higher ductility can be formed from a polymer composition comprising a plasticizer. The present disclosure also relates to a method of three dimensional printing (3D) that can be used to print a 3D printed object comprising the printed structure described above.

Abstract: A shaping composition for controlling deformation of a green body object during heat fusing can include a liquid vehicle present at from 10 wt % to about 80 wt %, based on a total weight of the shape retaining composition, and a metal particulate mixture present at from about 20 wt % to about 90 wt % based on a total weight of the shaping composition. The metal particulate mixture can include aluminum-containing particulates and secondary metal-containing particulates. The metal particulate mixture can have an aluminum elemental content to secondary metal elemental content atomic ratio of about 10:1 to about 1:2.