Abstract: The present disclosure provides for apparatuses and systems including integrated circuit devices. In some embodiments, an integrated circuit device includes a semiconductor substrate including a memory cell area and a connection area, a gate stack including a plurality of word line gate layers and a plurality of insulating layers and having a step structure in the connection area, a word line cut region passing through the plurality of word line gate layers in the memory cell area and the connection area and extending in a third direction, a plurality of first channel structures disposed on the memory cell area, a string select line gate layer disposed on the gate stack in the memory cell area, a plurality of second channel structures passing through the string select line gate layer, and a string select line cut region passing through the string select line gate layer.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling hydraulic pressure of a torque converter that includes an engagement hydraulic pressure chamber independently installed in a fluid operation chamber enclosed by a front cover and an impeller and having engagement hydraulic pressure supplied to engage a lock-up clutch may include a torque converter control valve stably decreasing line pressure and supplying the decreased line pressure as operation hydraulic pressure of the torque converter, a torque converter pressure control valve controlled by a linear solenoid valve to control D range pressure and supply the controlled D range pressure to the engagement hydraulic pressure chamber, and a lock-up switch valve controlled by the linear solenoid valve to supply the hydraulic pressure supplied from the torque converter control valve as control pressure of the torque converter pressure control valve and supply exhaust hydraulic pressure of the torque converter as control pressure of the torque converter control valve.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling hydraulic pressure of a torque converter that includes an engagement hydraulic pressure chamber independently installed in a fluid operation chamber enclosed by a front cover and an impeller and having engagement hydraulic pressure supplied to engage a lock-up clutch may include a torque converter control valve stably decreasing line pressure and supplying the decreased line pressure as operation hydraulic pressure of the torque converter, a torque converter pressure control valve controlled by a linear solenoid valve to control D range pressure and supply the controlled D range pressure to the engagement hydraulic pressure chamber, and a lock-up switch valve controlled by the linear solenoid valve to supply the hydraulic pressure supplied from the torque converter control valve as control pressure of the torque converter pressure control valve and supply exhaust hydraulic pressure of the torque converter as control pressure of the torque converter control valve.

Abstract: An auto transmission hydraulic control apparatus may include six friction elements that of which two friction elements operate to achieve a corresponding to each stage by hydraulic pressure, five direct-controlled solenoid valves that individually and directly control hydraulic pressure to four friction elements and equally and directly control hydraulic pressure to the other two friction elements, an on-off solenoid valve converting output state and non-output state of hydraulic pressure, a switch valve in which one side of a valve spool is supplied by a spring to selectively supply hydraulic pressure from one of the direct-controlled solenoid valves, equally and directly controlling the hydraulic pressure supplied to the two friction element, in accordance with whether hydraulic pressure from on-off solenoid valve is applied to the other side thereof, and four fail-safe valves disposed between the direct-controlled solenoid valves and the friction elements to structurally limit available arrangements of the

Abstract: An auto transmission hydraulic control apparatus may include six friction elements that of which two friction elements operate to achieve a corresponding to each stage by hydraulic pressure, five direct-controlled solenoid valves that individually and directly control hydraulic pressure to four friction elements and equally and directly control hydraulic pressure to the other two friction elements, an on-off solenoid valve converting output state and non-output state of hydraulic pressure, a switch valve in which one side of a valve spool is supplied by a spring to selectively supply hydraulic pressure from one of the direct-controlled solenoid valves, equally and directly controlling the hydraulic pressure supplied to the two friction element, in accordance with whether hydraulic pressure from on-off solenoid valve is applied to the other side thereof, and four fail-safe valves disposed between the direct-controlled solenoid valves and the friction elements to structurally limit available arrangements of the

Abstract: The parking brake system that restricts or releases a parking gear by using an operational force by hydraulic pressure that is generated or removed according to whether the engine works and an operational force by an electromagnetic force, includes a position valve that outputs operational pressure supplied from a hydraulic pressure supplier, to a pressure control valve corresponding to a shift range including a parking range, a parking releasing valve that outputs operational pressure supplied from position valve at the other shift ranges than a parking range, a main actuator that releases a parking gear when an operational force is transmitted from parking releasing valve and restricts the parking gear when the operational force is removed, and/or a sub-actuator that releases the parking gear by providing an operational force to main actuator only when an engine works.