Abstract: Disclosed is a method for pre-detecting a defective porous polymer substrate for a separator, including selecting a porous polymer substrate having a plurality of pores; observing the selected porous polymer substrate with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to obtain an image of the porous polymer substrate; quantifying the average value of pore distribution index (PDI); correcting the quantified average value of pore distribution index to obtain the corrected average value of pore distribution index; determining whether or not the corrected average value of pore distribution index is 60 a.u. (arbitrary unit) or less; and classifying the porous polymer substrate as a good product, when the corrected average value of pore distribution index is determined to be 60 a.u. or less, and classifying the porous polymer substrate as a defective product, when the corrected average value of pore distribution index is determined to be larger than 60 a.u.

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones to be used for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of a signal includes: randomly selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the randomly selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, comparing the calculated comparison reference average value with a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the comparison; randomly re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices of the reserved tones; and calculating the comparison reference average value while changing each of the re-arranged indices of the reserved tones, and finally determining carrier indices for which the calculated comparison reference average value becomes the smallest value as carrier indices of the reserved tones.

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) includes: selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, selecting one of the calculated comparison reference average value and a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the selection; re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of a kernel signal generated, whenever each of the re-arranged carrier indices is changed to another carrier index, to generate a plurality of comparison reference average values, and finally determining carrier indices of the reserved tones which generates a kernel signal having the smallest comparison reference average value among the comparison reference average values as the indices of the res

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones to be used for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of a signal includes: randomly selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the randomly selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, comparing the calculated comparison reference average value with a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the comparison; randomly re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices of the reserved tones; and calculating the comparison reference average value while changing each of the re-arranged indices of the reserved tones, and finally determining carrier indices for which the calculated comparison reference average value becomes the smallest value as carrier indices of the reserved tones.

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones to be used for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of a signal includes: randomly selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the randomly selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, comparing the calculated comparison reference average value with a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the comparison; randomly re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices of the reserved tones; and calculating the comparison reference average value while changing each of the re-arranged indices of the reserved tones, and finally determining carrier indices for which the calculated comparison reference average value becomes the smallest value as carrier indices of the reserved tones.

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) includes: selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, selecting one of the calculated comparison reference average value and a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the selection; re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of a kernel signal generated, whenever each of the re-arranged carrier indices is changed to another carrier index, to generate a plurality of comparison reference average values, and finally determining carrier indices of the reserved tones which generates a kernel signal having the smallest comparison reference average value among the comparison reference average values as the indices of the res

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) includes: selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, selecting one of the calculated comparison reference average value and a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the selection; re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of a kernel signal generated, whenever each of the re-arranged carrier indices is changed to another carrier index, to generate a plurality of comparison reference average values, and finally determining carrier indices of the reserved tones which generates a kernel signal having the smallest comparison reference average value among the comparison reference average values as the indices of the res

Abstract: A method for generating and validating customized investment portfolios according to an example of the present invention includes (a) a step of receiving an investment idea from a user terminal; (b) a step of selecting an investment product corresponding to the investment idea, and selecting an asset investment ratio distribution method for each investment product to generate the investment portfolio; (c) a step of validating risk and profitability of the investment portfolio in accordance with a past period and predetermined criteria, and providing generation results and validation results of the investment portfolio to the user terminal; and (d) a step of setting the investment portfolio to be exposed to another user terminal connected to the server in accordance with a request of the user terminal.

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones to be used for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of a signal includes: randomly selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the randomly selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, comparing the calculated comparison reference average value with a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the comparison; randomly re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices of the reserved tones; and calculating the comparison reference average value while changing each of the re-arranged indices of the reserved tones, and finally determining carrier indices for which the calculated comparison reference average value becomes the smallest value as carrier indices of the reserved tones.

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) includes: selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, selecting one of the calculated comparison reference average value and a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the selection; re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of a kernel signal generated, whenever each of the re-arranged carrier indices is changed to another carrier index, to generate a plurality of comparison reference average values, and finally determining carrier indices of the reserved tones which generates a kernel signal having the smallest comparison reference average value among the comparison reference average values as the indices of the res

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones to be used for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of a signal includes: randomly selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the randomly selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, comparing the calculated comparison reference average value with a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the comparison; randomly re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices of the reserved tones; and calculating the comparison reference average value while changing each of the re-arranged indices of the reserved tones, and finally determining carrier indices for which the calculated comparison reference average value becomes the smallest value as carrier indices of the reserved tones.

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) includes: selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, selecting one of the calculated comparison reference average value and a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the selection; re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of a kernel signal generated, whenever each of the re-arranged carrier indices is changed to another carrier index, to generate a plurality of comparison reference average values, and finally determining carrier indices of the reserved tones which generates a kernel signal having the smallest comparison reference average value among the comparison reference average values as the indices of the res

Abstract: A code reading method and a radar system using a short-range millimeter wave (mmWave) radar are provided. The method includes transmitting a mmWave radar signal to a target object from a radar system and receiving a reflection wave signal reflected on the target object, extracting reflection signal strengths for a plurality of line codes constituting the target object from the reflection wave signal, compensating for the reflection signal strengths considering a difference in antenna gain between the plurality of line codes as per an antenna radiation pattern of the radar system, forming a radar image using the compensated reflection signal strengths, and reading a binary code from the radar image.

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones to be used for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of a signal includes: randomly selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the randomly selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, comparing the calculated comparison reference average value with a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the comparison; randomly re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices of the reserved tones; and calculating the comparison reference average value while changing each of the re-arranged indices of the reserved tones, and finally determining carrier indices for which the calculated comparison reference average value becomes the smallest value as carrier indices of the reserved tones.

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) includes: selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, selecting one of the calculated comparison reference average value and a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the selection; re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of a kernel signal generated, whenever each of the re-arranged carrier indices is changed to another carrier index, to generate a plurality of comparison reference average values, and finally determining carrier indices of the reserved tones which generates a kernel signal having the smallest comparison reference average value among the comparison reference average values as the indices of the res

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones to be used for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of a signal includes: randomly selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the randomly selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, comparing the calculated comparison reference average value with a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the comparison; randomly re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices of the reserved tones; and calculating the comparison reference average value while changing each of the re-arranged indices of the reserved tones, and finally determining carrier indices for which the calculated comparison reference average value becomes the smallest value as carrier indices of the reserved tones.

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) includes: selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, selecting one of the calculated comparison reference average value and a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the selection; re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of a kernel signal generated, whenever each of the re-arranged carrier indices is changed to another carrier index, to generate a plurality of comparison reference average values, and finally determining carrier indices of the reserved tones which generates a kernel signal having the smallest comparison reference average value among the comparison reference average values as the indices of the res

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for encoding, transmitting, receiving and decoding signal frames are provided. A transmitting apparatus includes: a frame encoder configured to perform Reed Solomon (RS) encoding on a plurality of frames in a vertical direction, wherein the frame encoder divides the plurality of frames into a plurality of groups, performs RS encoding for each group so that parities are added after the last frame of each group, and generates the RS-encoded frames. A receiver includes: a frame decoder configured to perform RS decoding on a plurality of received frames in a vertical direction, wherein the frame decoder divides the plurality of received frames into a plurality of groups, and performs RS decoding for each group to obtain information words without the parities.

Abstract: A code reading method and a radar system using a short-range millimeter wave (mmWave) radar are provided. The method includes transmitting a mmWave radar signal to a target object from a radar system and receiving a reflection wave signal reflected on the target object, extracting reflection signal strengths for a plurality of line codes constituting the target object from the reflection wave signal, compensating for the reflection signal strengths considering a difference in antenna gain between the plurality of line codes as per an antenna radiation pattern of the radar system, forming a radar image using the compensated reflection signal strengths, and reading a binary code from the radar image.

Abstract: A method of determining reserved tones for reduction of a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) includes: selecting carrier indices for the reserved tones and generating a kernel signal based on the selected carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of the kernel signal, selecting one of the calculated comparison reference average value and a prestored comparison reference average value, and preliminarily determining carrier indices of the reserved tones based on the selection; re-arranging an order of the preliminarily determined carrier indices; calculating a comparison reference average value of a kernel signal generated, whenever each of the re-arranged carrier indices is changed to another carrier index, to generate a plurality of comparison reference average values, and finally determining carrier indices of the reserved tones which generates a kernel signal having the smallest comparison reference average value among the comparison reference average values as the indices of the res