Abstract: According to one exemplary embodiment, a single crystal pulling-up apparatus of pulling-up silicon single crystals by a Czochralski method, is provided with: a neck diameter measuring portion which measures a diameter of a grown neck portion; a first compensation portion which outputs a first compensated pulling-up speed for the seed crystals based on a difference between a measured value of the diameter of the neck portion and a target value of the neck portion diameter previously stored; a second compensation portion which outputs a second pulling-up speed while limiting an upper limit of the first pulling-up speed to a first limit value; and a crucible rotation number compensation portion which lowers the number of a rotation of a crucible at least in a period where the upper limit of the first pulling-up speed is limited to the first limit value.

Abstract: According to one exemplary embodiment, a single crystal pulling-up apparatus of pulling-up silicon single crystals by a Czochralski method, is provided with: a neck diameter measuring portion which measures a diameter of a grown neck portion; a first compensation portion which outputs a first compensated pulling-up speed for the seed crystals based on a difference between a measured value of the diameter of the neck portion and a target value of the neck portion diameter previously stored; a second compensation portion which outputs a second pulling-up speed while limiting an upper limit of the first pulling-up speed to a first limit value; and a crucible rotation number compensation portion which lowers the number of a rotation of a crucible at least in a period where the upper limit of the first pulling-up speed is limited to the first limit value.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a plurality of image bearing components and a plurality of image writing units for writing an image on each of the image bearing components. The apparatus also includes a frame for supporting the plurality of the image bearing components and the plurality of image writing units. The frame has a plurality a of first holding parts for holding both ends of each of the image bearing components and a plurality of second holding parts for holding both ends of each of the image writing units.

Abstract: In a conventional color printer, especially an in-line type full color image forming apparatus, an aberration of optical axes caused by distortions of structures affect a performance of an image forming as a tilt aberration in a printed image. Accordingly, in a conventional color printer, distortions have to be prevented by strengthening rigidity of machine structures or parts of the machine. However, fine adjustment or assembling to strengthen rigidity generally causes an increase in cost and requires time-consuming adjustment. An apparatus in the present invention provides advantages of high accuracy and strengthened structure without increasing cost.