Abstract: A display device is provided including a substrate. A second semiconductor layer is disposed on the substrate. The second semiconductor layer includes Si. A second gate lower electrode overlaps a channel region of the second semiconductor layer. A second gate insulating layer is disposed on the second gate lower electrode. A second gate upper electrode and a light blocking layer are disposed on the second gate insulating layer. A first auxiliary layer is disposed on the second gate upper electrode and the light blocking layer. A first semiconductor layer overlaps the light blocking layer. The first semiconductor layer includes an oxide semiconductor. A first gate electrode overlaps a channel region of the first semiconductor layer. The first auxiliary layer includes an insulating layer including at least one compound selected from SiNx, SiOx, and SiON, and at least one material selected from F, Cl, and C.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) device includes: a fin-type active area protruding from a substrate and extending in a first horizontal direction; a first nanosheet disposed above an upper surface of the fin-type active area with a first separation space therebetween; a second nanosheet disposed above the first nanosheet with a second separation space therebetween; a gate line extending on the substrate in a second horizontal direction intersecting the first horizontal direction, at least a portion of the gate line being disposed in the second separation space; and a bottom insulation structure disposed in the first separation space.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes channels, a gate structure, and a source/drain layer. The channels are disposed at a plurality of levels, respectively, and spaced apart from each other in a vertical direction on an upper surface of a substrate. The gate structure is disposed on the substrate, at least partially surrounds a surface of each of the channels, and extends in a first direction substantially parallel to the upper surface of the substrate. The source/drain layer is disposed at each of opposite sides of the gate structure in a second direction substantially parallel to the upper surface of the substrate and substantially perpendicular to the first direction and is connected to sidewalls of the channels. A length of the gate structure in the second direction changes along the first direction at a first height from the upper surface of the substrate in the vertical direction.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a user input unit, a display unit, a control unit, and a buffer unit. The display unit includes a speed setting menu. The control unit selects a mode from the speed setting menu in response to the selection signal of the user, and controls a compression ratio of a voice codec and a transfer rate of a modem corresponding to a transmission-side radio, and a reception rate of a modem and a restoration rate of a voice codec corresponding to a reception-side radio, based on the selected mode. The buffer unit performs a storage function if there is a difference between the compression ratio of the voice codec and the transfer rate of the modem or if there is a difference between the reception rate of the modem and the restoration rate of the voice codec.

Abstract: A wireless relay device and a method of processing data using the same are provided. The wireless relay device includes a voice input/output (I/O) unit, a voice processing unit, an information protection processing unit, a Wi-Fi unit, and a radio transmission and reception unit. The voice I/O unit receives or outputs a user voice signal. The voice processing unit performs voice processing on the user voice signal. The information protection processing unit encrypts or decrypts voice data using an information protection algorithm. The Wi-Fi unit sends the encrypted voice data to a portable device of a user located within a set range, or receives encrypted voice data from a portable device of a user located within the set range. The radio transmission and reception unit relays wireless communication to a portable device of a user located outside the set range.

Abstract: A multi-frame data processing apparatus and method using frame disassembly is provided. The multi-frame data apparatus includes a data communication unit, a frame processing unit, and a data processing unit. The data communication unit receives a transmission signal from a Line Adaptation Unit (LAU). The frame processing unit disassembles each frame of the transmission signal and acquires information data that is included in the transmission signal. The data processing unit transfers the information data to an Algorithm Processing Unit (APU), and acquires processed information data that is obtained by processing the information data via the APU based on a corresponding algorithm.

Abstract: A data transmission method and apparatus, which can improve transmission efficiency and securely perform communication without increasing the bandwidth of encrypted data in an environment in which a transmission success rate for encrypted data is changeable depending on the quality of a network. In the method, a network quality of a channel is measured, and a lossy compression scheme or a lossless compression scheme is selected depending on results of measurement. Original data to be transmitted is compressed so that the original data is compressed using the selected compression scheme. Compressed data is encrypted. ECC encoding is performed on encrypted data, and ECC-encoded data is interleaved.

Abstract: A low-power encryption apparatus and method are provided. The low-power encryption apparatus includes a mask value generation unit, a mask value application unit, a round key application unit, a mask operation unit, a shift operation unit, and a shift operation correction unit. The mask value generation unit generates a mask value M having the same bit length as input round function values. The mask value application unit generates first masking round function values by applying the mask value M. The round key application unit generates second masking round function values by applying round key values. The mask operation unit generates third masking round function values by performing a mask addition operation. The shill operation unit generates fourth masking round function values by performing a circular shift operation. The shift operation correction unit generates output round function values by performing an operation using the mask value M.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a user input unit, a display unit, a control unit, and a buffer unit. The display unit includes a speed setting menu. The control unit selects a mode from the speed setting menu in response to the selection signal of the user, and controls a compression ratio of a voice codec and a transfer rate of a modem corresponding to a transmission-side radio, and a reception rate of a modem and a restoration rate of a voice codec corresponding to a reception-side radio, based on the selected mode. The buffer unit performs a storage function if there is a difference between the compression ratio of the voice codec and the transfer rate of the modem or if there is a difference between the reception rate of the modem and the restoration rate of the voice codec.

Abstract: A wireless relay device and a method of processing data using the same are provided. The wireless relay device includes a voice input/output (I/O) unit, a voice processing unit, an information protection processing unit, a Wi-Fi unit, and a radio transmission and reception unit. The voice I/O unit receives or outputs a user voice signal. The voice processing unit performs voice processing on the user voice signal. The information protection processing unit encrypts or decrypts voice data using an information protection algorithm. The Wi-Fi unit sends the encrypted voice data to a portable device of a user located within a set range, or receives encrypted voice data from a portable device of a user located within the set range. The radio transmission and reception unit relays wireless communication to a portable device of a user located outside the set range.

Abstract: A multi-frame data processing apparatus and method using frame disassembly is provided. The multi-frame data apparatus includes a data communication unit, a frame processing unit, and a data processing unit The data communication unit receives a transmission signal from a Line Adaptation Unit (LAU). The frame processing unit disassembles each frame of the transmission signal and acquires information data that is included in the transmission signal. The data processing unit transfers the information data to an Algorithm Processing Unit (APU), and acquires processed information data that is obtained by processing the information data via the APU based on a corresponding algorithm.

Abstract: A low-power encryption apparatus and method are provided. The low-power encryption apparatus includes a mask value generation unit, a mask value application unit, a round key application unit, a mask operation unit, a shift operation unit, and a shift operation correction unit. The mask value generation unit generates a mask value M having the same bit length as input round function values. The mask value application unit generates first masking round function values by applying the mask value M. The round key application unit generates second masking round function values by applying round key values. The mask operation unit generates third masking round function values by performing a mask addition operation. The shill operation unit generates fourth masking round function values by performing a circular shift operation. The shift operation correction unit generates output round function values by performing an operation using the mask value M.

Abstract: Provided is a web firewall for automatically checking for vulnerabilities, including: an administrating server scheduling part for ordering the examination of an administrating web server according to a predetermined examination schedule; a vulnerability search database calling part for calling a vulnerability search database previously stored according to the order of the administrating server scheduling part; a vulnerability searching part for searching for potential vulnerabilities of the administrating web server corresponding to data included in the called vulnerability search database; a vulnerability information deducing part for optimizing the results searched in the vulnerability searching part to deduce vulnerability information; a vulnerability checking part for checking the vulnerabilities of the administrating web server based on the results deduced from the vulnerability information deducing part; and a detailed vulnerability information reporting part for reporting detailed information on the c

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for determining a security solution. The method and apparatus generate a security solution analysis model for analyzing effects on investment of security solution combinations consisting of several security solution candidates on the basis of integer programming (IP), standardize various constraints that have significant effects on security solution determination on the basis of IP, and apply the standardized constraints to the security solution analysis model, thereby determining a security solution combination having the smallest residual risk while satisfying the constraints as an optimum security solution combination. According to the method and apparatus, an optimum security solution combination that can minimize a residual risk while satisfying various constraints is rapidly and accurately determined. Thus, it is possible to support effective determination in information security investment.

Abstract: Provided is a method for enabling a user terminal to avoid exposure to a malicious code, by classifying web pages including a malicious code and blocking user access to the web pages including the malicious code when a user searches for a web page using a search engine. A method for managing malicious-code spreading sites using a search engine includes: analyzing a currently accessed web site to determine whether a malicious code is included in the web site; if the malicious code is included in the currently accessed web site, registering the web site as a malicious-code spreading site; and, if the web site registered as a malicious-code spreading site is included in a web-site search result from a search engine, blocking user access to the web site. Web pages including a malicious code are classified and user access to the web pages including the malicious code is blocked when a user searches for a web page using a search engine, thereby preventing a user terminal from being exposed to the malicious code.

Abstract: A method for managing a website is provided in which a web page including a malicious code is classified to be registered in a network firewall, so that a network terminal is prevented from being accessed to the web page including a malicious code. The method for managing a malicious-code spreading site using a firewall includes: analyzing a currently accessed website to determine whether the website includes a malicious code or not; when it is determined that the currently accessed website includes a malicious code, registering the website as a malicious-code spreading site; when a network terminal in a firewall requests for access to a website, determining whether the website is registered as a malicious-code spreading site; and, when the access requested website is registered as a malicious-code spreading site, preventing the access to the website.

Abstract: Provided is a device and method for inspecting network equipment for vulnerabilities using a search engine from a remote location. The device for inspecting network equipment for vulnerabilities includes: a network structure examination module for examining the structure of a system network and generating network structure information; a control module for selecting at least one subnet for vulnerability inspection according to the network structure information; a vulnerable network equipment examination module for examining at least one piece of target network equipment for vulnerability inspection in the at least one selected subnet using a search engine; a vulnerability inspection module for inspecting the target network equipment for vulnerabilities; and an inspection result display module for outputting inspection results received from the vulnerability inspection module.

Abstract: Provided is a web firewall for automatically checking for vulnerabilities, including: an administrating server scheduling part for ordering the examination of an administrating web server according to a predetermined examination schedule; a vulnerability search database calling part for calling a vulnerability search database previously stored according to the order of the administrating server scheduling part; a vulnerability searching part for searching for potential vulnerabilities of the administrating web server corresponding to data included in the called vulnerability search database; a vulnerability information deducing part for optimizing the results searched in the vulnerability searching part to deduce vulnerability information; a vulnerability checking part for checking the vulnerabilities of the administrating web server based on the results deduced from the vulnerability information deducing part; and a detailed vulnerability information reporting part for reporting detailed information on the c

Abstract: Provided are a web server vulnerability detecting device and method which detect vulnerability of a plurality of high-performance web servers in real-time using a plurality of search engines simultaneously and automatically provide the updated detailed information on detected vulnerability.