Abstract: Provided are a gasification furnace operating method, a gasification furnace, a two-stage gasification apparatus, a gasification method for an organic raw material, and a two-stage gasification method for organic waste that make it possible to stably operate a gasification furnace over a long period of time. The present invention provides a gasification furnace operating method including, in a gasification furnace into which an organic raw material is introduced and that produces gas and slag, directly or indirectly introducing an alkali metal-containing compound into the gasification furnace to reduce the viscosity of the slag.

Abstract: A disclose substrate support of a plasma processing apparatus has an electrostatic chuck that holds an edge ring. The electrostatic chuck includes a first electrode and a second electrode. In an execution period of a first plasma processing on a substrate, first potentials which are ones out of potentials same as each other and potentials different from each other are set to the first and second electrodes, respectively. In an execution period of a second plasma processing on the substrate, second potentials which are others out of the potentials same as each other and the potentials different from each other are set to the first and second electrodes, respectively. The respective potentials of the first electrode and the second electrode are switched from the first potentials to the second potentials.

Abstract: A disclose substrate support of a plasma processing apparatus has an electrostatic chuck that holds an edge ring. The electrostatic chuck includes a first electrode and a second electrode. In an execution period of a first plasma processing on a substrate, first potentials which are ones out of potentials same as each other and potentials different from each other are set to the first and second electrodes, respectively. In an execution period of a second plasma processing on the substrate, second potentials which are others out of the potentials same as each other and the potentials different from each other are set to the first and second electrodes, respectively. The respective potentials of the first electrode and the second electrode are switched from the first potentials to the second potentials.

Abstract: A method for producing a vanadate extracts a vanadium component included in combustion fly ash or clinker. In the method, a vanadium component is recovered as a vanadate from combustion fly ash or clinker, the method including the following steps 1 to 5: (1) a step of adding an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to combustion fly ash or clinker so that the water content is 5 to 35% by mass (step 1); (2) a step of mixing or kneading (step 2); (3) a step of heating the mixed or kneaded mixture (step 3); (4) a step of adding water to the mixture that has undergone the heating step in the step 3 to form a slurry (step 4); and (5) a step of recovering a vanadate in the aqueous phase after the solid-liquid separation of the slurry (step 5).

Abstract: A magnetic memory includes a first magnetic line, an electrode, a write-in portion, a second magnetic line, and a spin-wave generator. The first magnetic line has a plurality of magnetic domains and domain walls, the domain wall separating the magnetic domain. The electrode is provided to both ends of the first magnetic line. The write-in portion is provided adjacent to the first magnetic line. The second magnetic line is provided so that the second magnetic line intersects with the first magnetic line. The spin-wave generator provided to one end of the second magnetic line. The spin-wave detector provided to the other end of the second magnetic line.

Abstract: A magnetic memory element includes a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, a first intermediate layer, a first magnetic wire, a first input unit, and a first detection unit. The first magnetic layer has magnetization fixed. The second magnetic layer has magnetization which is variable. The first intermediate layer is between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer. The first magnetic wire extends in a first direction perpendicular to a direction connecting from the first magnetic layer to the second magnetic layer and is adjacent to the second magnetic layer. In addition, write-in is performed by propagating a first spin wave through the first magnetic wire and by passing a first current from the first magnetic layer toward the second magnetic layer. Read-out is performed by passing a second current from the first magnetic layer toward the second magnetic layer.

Abstract: An example magnetic head includes a recording pole to generate a recording magnetic field, a spin torque oscillator formed in the vicinity of the recording magnetic pole and a hard bias film provided at both end portions of a bias layer and an oscillation layer of spin torque oscillator. The hard bias film is configured to apply a magnetic field to the bias layer and the oscillation layer.

Abstract: An example magnetic writing head includes a main magnetic pole and a coil to generate an ampere magnetic field to magnetize the main magnetic pole to cause the magnetized main magnetic pole to generate a magnetic field. The laminated body includes a first magnetic layer, and a second magnetic layer.

Abstract: An example magnetic writing head includes a main magnetic pole, a coil to generate an ampere magnetic field to magnetize the main magnetic pole to cause the magnetized main magnetic pole to generate a magnetic field, and a laminated body. The laminated body includes a first magnetic layer having a coercivity lower than the magnetic field applied by the main magnetic pole and a second magnetic layer having a coercivity lower than the magnetic field applied by the main magnetic pole.

Abstract: A magnetic memory includes a first magnetic line, an electrode, a write-in portion, a second magnetic line, and a spin-wave generator. The first magnetic line has a plurality of magnetic domains and domain walls, the domain wall separating the magnetic domain. The electrode is provided to both ends of the first magnetic line. The write-in portion is provided adjacent to the first magnetic line. The second magnetic line is provided so that the second magnetic line intersects with the first magnetic line. The spin-wave generator provided to one end of the second magnetic line. The spin-wave detector provided to the other end of the second magnetic line.

Abstract: A magnetic memory element includes a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, a first intermediate layer, a first magnetic wire, a first input unit, and a first detection unit. The first magnetic layer has magnetization fixed. The second magnetic layer has magnetization which is variable. The first intermediate layer is between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer. The first magnetic wire extends in a first direction perpendicular to a direction connecting from the first magnetic layer to the second magnetic layer and is adjacent to the second magnetic layer. In addition, write-in is performed by propagating a first spin wave through the first magnetic wire and by passing a first current from the first magnetic layer toward the second magnetic layer. Read-out is performed by passing a second current from the first magnetic layer toward the second magnetic layer.

Abstract: An example magnetic recording head includes: a main magnetic pole; a laminated body; and a pair of electrodes. The laminated body includes a first magnetic layer having a coercivity lower than magnetic field applied by the main magnetic pole, a second magnetic layer having a coercivity lower than the magnetic field applied by the main magnetic pole, and an intermediate layer provided between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer. The pair of electrodes is operable to pass a current through the laminated body.

Abstract: An example magnetic head includes a recording magnetic pole to generate a recording magnetic field; a spin torque oscillator formed in the vicinity of the recording magnetic pole; and a hard bias film for applying a magnetic field to the spin torque oscillator.

Abstract: An example magnetic writing head includes a main magnetic pole, a coil to generate an ampere magnetic field to magnetize the main magnetic pole to cause the magnetized main magnetic pole to generate a magnetic field, and a laminated body. The laminated body includes a first magnetic layer having a coercivity lower than the magnetic field applied by the main magnetic pole and a second magnetic layer having a coercivity lower than the magnetic field applied by the main magnetic pole.

Abstract: An example magnetic recording head includes: a main magnetic pole; a laminated body; and a pair of electrodes. The laminated body includes a first magnetic layer having a coercivity lower than magnetic field applied by the main magnetic pole, a second magnetic layer having a coercivity lower than the magnetic field applied by the main magnetic pole, and an intermediate layer provided between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer. The pair of electrodes is operable to pass a current through the laminated body.

Abstract: It is made possible to provide a magnetic head that generates a sufficient high-frequency magnetic field for assisting recording operations, and a magnetic recording device that includes the magnetic head. A magnetic head includes: a recording magnetic pole; a return yoke magnetically coupled to the recording magnetic pole; and at least two spin torque oscillators provided near the recording magnetic pole.

Abstract: A magnetic device includes a first magnetic layer having at least one magnetic material layer, a second magnetic layer having at least one magnetic material layer, a first nonmagnetic layer provided between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer, a third magnetic layer including a ferromagnetic material with a fixed magnetization direction, and a pair of electrodes. The pair of electrodes are operable to pass a current through a laminated body including the first and second magnetic layers, the nonmagnetic layer, and the third magnetic layer.

Abstract: A magnetic recording head includes: a main magnetic pole; a laminated body; and a pair of electrodes. The laminated body includes a first magnetic layer having a coercivity lower than magnetic field applied by the main magnetic pole, a second magnetic layer having a coercivity lower than the magnetic field applied by the main magnetic pole, and an intermediate layer provided between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer. The pair of electrodes are operable to pass a current through the laminated body.

Abstract: A magnetic recording head includes a recording magnetic pole, and a spin oscillation device including a first magnetic layer having at least one magnetic material layer, a second magnetic layer having at least one magnetic material layer, and a first nonmagnetic layer provided between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer. The first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer are antiferromagnetically coupled and/or magnetostatically coupled to each other. The first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer are laminated in a direction generally parallel to a medium facing surface and generally parallel to a side surface of the recording magnetic pole intersecting with the medium facing surface.

Abstract: It is made possible to provide a magnetic head that can stabilize the high-frequency magnetic field generated from the spin torque oscillator. A magnetic head includes: first and second main magnetic poles; and a spin torque oscillator provided between the first and second main magnetic poles.