Abstract: A toner includes a crystalline polyester resin in an amount equal to or greater than 25% by mass. The toner satisfies the following formula when the toner is tested using a capillary rheometry measurement during which a pellet of the toner is pressed by a member while being heated: 0.3?(first temperature?second temperature)/(second temperature?third temperature)?1, where the first temperature is a temperature at which the member falls 4 mm, the second temperature is a temperature at which the member falls 2 mm, and the third temperature is a temperature at which the member starts to fall.

Abstract: A toner includes a crystalline polyester resin in an amount equal to or greater than 25% by mass. The toner satisfies the following formula when the toner is tested using a capillary rheometry measurement during which a pellet of the toner is pressed by a member while being heated: 0.3?(first temperature?second temperature)/(second temperature?third temperature)?1, where the first temperature is a temperature at which the member falls 4 mm, the second temperature is a temperature at which the member falls 2 mm, and the third temperature is a temperature at which the member starts to fall.

Abstract: An adhering matter determination portion includes an irradiation portion, a light receiving portion and a determination portion. The irradiation portion radiates a light to a plurality of different areas of a transparent plate. The light receiving portion converts reflected waves reflected at the different areas into electrical signals. The determination portion compares at least one of detection signals outputted from the light receiving portion with a determination threshold. When the detection signal is lower than the determination threshold, the determination portion determines that there is an adhering matter on the transparent plate. The determination portion compares the detection signals. When a difference of the detection signals is higher than a condensation determination value, the determination portion determines that the adhering matter is raindrops.

Abstract: A toner includes a plurality of toner particles containing a binder resin and one or more microcapsules that contain a fragrant material. A ratio of a number of toner particles that contain at least one microcapsule in a region from a surface thereof to 1 ?m in depth with respect to a total number of toner particles in the region is equal to or greater than 60%.

Abstract: A toner includes first toner particles and second toner particles. Each of the first toner particles includes a plate-like colorant particle covered with binder resin particles, and a volume average size of the plate-like colorant particle is equal to or greater than 6 ?m. Each of the second toner particles includes at least one of a binder resin and a releasing agent and not including a colorant, an aspect ratio of the second toner particles is equal to or smaller than 3, and a content ratio of the releasing agents with respect to the second toner particles is equal to or greater than 4 wt % and equal to or smaller than 24 wt %. A content ratio of the second toner particles with respect to the first toner particles is greater than 1 wt % and equal to or smaller than 75 wt %.

Abstract: A rain sensor equipped to a transparent substrate includes a light emitter emitting irradiation lights toward the transparent substrate, light receivers receiving reflected lights of the irradiation lights being reflected on the transparent substrate, a defining section defining an incident angle of each reflected light with respect to each light receiver, and a detection section detecting rainfall amount based on signals output from the light receivers. The light emitter emits the irradiation lights toward an irradiation region defined on the transparent substrate. The irradiation region is divided into multiple detection regions. The detection regions correspond to respective light receivers. The defining section defines the incident angle of each reflected light reflected on the detection region such that each reflected light enters corresponding light receiver. The detection section detects the rainfall amount based on the signals output from the light receivers corresponding to the irradiation regions.

Abstract: An adhering matter determination portion includes an irradiation portion, a light receiving portion and a determination portion. The irradiation portion radiates a light to a plurality of different areas of a transparent plate. The light receiving portion converts reflected waves reflected at the different areas into electrical signals. The determination portion compares at least one of detection signals outputted from the light receiving portion with a determination threshold. When the detection signal is lower than the determination threshold, the determination portion determines that there is an adhering matter on the transparent plate. The determination portion compares the detection signals. When a difference of the detection signals is higher than a condensation determination value, the determination portion determines that the adhering matter is raindrops.

Abstract: A vehicle presence notification apparatus may include a dynamic speaker for radiating a notification sound from a vehicle in an audible frequency, and a sound pressure supplement unit is provided to control a sound pressure of the notification sound. The apparatus may further include a parametric speaker for generating a supersonic sound of the notification sound from a supersonic sound generation unit. The supersonic sound is emitted from a sound emission opening. The parametric speaker may further include a reflected sound pressure detecting unit for detecting a sound pressure generated by a reflection of the supersonic sound from the sound emission opening. The sound pressure supplement unit increases the sound pressure of the notification sound radiated by the dynamic speaker based on the sound pressure detected by the reflected sound pressure detecting unit.

Abstract: A rain sensor equipped to a transparent substrate includes a light emitter emitting irradiation lights toward the transparent substrate, light receivers receiving reflected lights of the irradiation lights being reflected on the transparent substrate, a defining section defining an incident angle of each reflected light with respect to each light receiver, and a detection section detecting rainfall amount based on signals output from the light receivers. The light emitter emits the irradiation lights toward an irradiation region defined on the transparent substrate. The irradiation region is divided into multiple detection regions. The detection regions correspond to respective light receivers. The defining section defines the incident angle of each reflected light reflected on the detection region such that each reflected light enters corresponding light receiver. The detection section detects the rainfall amount based on the signals output from the light receivers corresponding to the irradiation regions.

Abstract: A compound depicted by the formula below, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. wherein, R1 represents (1) a C3-6 alkyl group, (2) a C1-6 alkyl group substituted with one or more substituent group(s) selected from those consisting a halogen atom, etc., (3) a C3-10 non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group or a 5- to 6-membered non-aromatic heterocyclic group which respectively is optionally substituted with one or more substituent group(s) selected from those consisting an oxo group, etc., (4) an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting halogen atom and C1-4 alkoxy group; X represents NH, O, or S; Y represents CH or N; Z represents N or a C—R2; R2 represents (1) hydrogen atom, (2) a C1-6 alkyl group, a C2-6 alkenyl group or a C2-6 alkynyl group that respectively is optionally substituted with one or more substituent group(s) selected from among those consisting (a) a halogen atom, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solvent composition for removing radioactive substance, characterized by comprising at least one selected from hydrofluorocarbon, hydrofluoroether, and perfluoroketone as a medium for transporting the radioactive substance, and a method for removing a radioactive substance characterized by using the solvent composition for removing.

Abstract: There is provided a developer that has excellent positive charging characteristics and charging stability, and which is compatible with high-speed developing. The developer of the invention contains toner particles and an insulating liquid, wherein a fatty acid ester is contained as the insulating liquid, a substance A expressed by the following formula (1) and/or a substance B expressed by the following formula (2) is further contained, and the total percentage in which substance A and substance B are contained is at least 0.1 wt % and no more than 3.0 wt %.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing an unsaturated hydrocarbon by dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon into a corresponding unsaturated hydrocarbon with use of a nontoxic catalyst having a long catalytic life. The process for producing unsaturated hydrocarbons includes a step of dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon into a corresponding unsaturated hydrocarbon by contacting the hydrocarbon with a catalyst A that is obtained by supporting zinc and a Group VIIIA metal on a silicate obtained by removing at least part of the boron atoms from a borosilicate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a decolorable toner containing a binder resin and a coloring agent which contains a color former compound and a color developing agent and has a capsule structure such that it is covered with an outer shell, and having a volume average particle diameter of from 5.0 to 15.0 ?m and a number-based particle size distribution CV of 35% or less.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a developing agent includes a binder resin and a coloring agent, wherein when the developing agent is subjected to methanol extraction, and a filtrate of the resulting extract is subjected to HPLC measurement, the ratio of a peak area at a retention time of 10 minutes or less to the total peak area is 15.0% or less.

Abstract: There is provided a developer that has excellent positive charging characteristics and charging stability, and which is compatible with high-speed developing. The developer of the invention contains toner particles and an insulating liquid, wherein a fatty acid ester is contained as the insulating liquid, a substance A expressed by the following formula (1) and/or a substance B expressed by the following formula (2) is further contained, and the total percentage in which substance A and substance B are contained is at least 0.1 wt % and no more than 3.0 wt %.

Abstract: This invention provides a binder for a fuel cell which has high adhesion, low methanol solubility, high methanol permeability and high proton conductivity, a composition for electrode formation, an electrode for a fuel cell, and a fuel cell using them. The binder is particularly suitable for a binder for a direct methanol type fuel cell which requires high proton conductivity. The binder for a fuel cell comprises a block copolymer which comprises a block having a repeating structural unit of a divalent aromatic group that contains a protonic acid group and a block having a repeating structural unit of a divalent aromatic group that does not contain a protonic acid group, and which has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 180° C. or less. In particular, it is preferable that the block copolymer has an ion exchange group equivalent of from 200 to 1,000 g/mole and a weight retention ratio of 90% or more as measured by immersion in a 64 weight % aqueous methanol solution at 25° C. for 24 hours.

Abstract: A vehicle presence notification apparatus may include a dynamic speaker for radiating a notification sound from a vehicle in an audible frequency, and a sound pressure supplement unit is provided to control a sound pressure of the notification sound. The apparatus may further include a parametric speaker for generating a supersonic sound of the notification sound from a supersonic sound generation unit. The supersonic sound is emitted from a sound emission opening. The parametric speaker may further include a reflected sound pressure detecting unit for detecting a sound pressure generated by a reflection of the supersonic sound from the sound emission opening. The sound pressure supplement unit increases the sound pressure of the notification sound radiated by the dynamic speaker based on the sound pressure detected by the reflected sound pressure detecting unit.

Abstract: A compound depicted by the formula below, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. wherein, R1 represents (1) a C3-6 alkyl group, (2) a C1-6 alkyl group substituted with one or more substituent group(s) selected from those consisting a halogen atom, etc., (3) a C3-10 non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group or a 5- to 6-membered non-aromatic heterocyclic group which respectively is optionally substituted with one or more substituent group(s) selected from those consisting an oxo group, etc., (4) an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting halogen atom and C1-4 alkoxy group; X represents NH, O, or S; Y represents CH or N; Z represents N or a C—R2; R2 represents (1) hydrogen atom, (2) a C1-6 alkyl group, a C2-6 alkenyl group or a C2-6 alkynyl group that respectively is optionally substituted with one or more substituent group(s) selected from among those consisting (a) a halogen atom, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic toner, comprising: toner base particles having a volume average particle diameter of 3 ?m or more and 7 ?m or less; OTES-treated silica particles which are treated with octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) and are externally added to the toner base particles; and silica-coated titanium oxide particles which are coated with silica and are externally added to the toner base particles along with the OTES-treated silica particles, wherein the ratio (A) of the amount of the OTES-treated silica particles to the amount of the toner base particles, the ratio (B) of the amount of the silica-coated titanium oxide particles to the amount of the toner base particles, and the ratio (C) of the amount of particles to be externally added to the toner base particles to the amount of the toner base particles satisfy the following relations: 1% by mass?(A)?6.9% by mass; 0.1% by mass?(B)?2% by mass; 3% by mass?(C)?7% by mass; and 0.15?(A)/(C)<1.