Abstract: An integrated type air conditioning device includes a first refrigeration cycle that is an evaporative cooling type, a second refrigeration cycle that is a vapor-compression type, a blower device, and a housing accommodating the first and second cycles. The first refrigeration cycle includes an evaporation heat exchanger, a condensation heat exchanger, and a first refrigerant pipe. The second refrigeration cycle includes a compressor, a condenser, a decompression device, an evaporator, and a second refrigerant pipe. The housing is partitioned into an interior air passage and an exterior air passage. The evaporation heat exchanger and the evaporator are positioned in the interior air passage, the evaporation heat exchanger being located upstream of the evaporator with respect to an interior airflow in the interior air passage. The blower device is disposed in the interior air passage and is driven to generate the interior airflow in the interior air passage.

Abstract: An integrated type air conditioning device includes a first refrigeration cycle that is an evaporative cooling type, a second refrigeration cycle that is a vapor-compression type, a blower device, and a housing accommodating the first and second cycles. The first refrigeration cycle includes an evaporation heat exchanger, a condensation heat exchanger, and a first refrigerant pipe. The second refrigeration cycle includes a compressor, a condenser, a decompression device, an evaporator, and a second refrigerant pipe. The housing is partitioned into an interior air passage and an exterior air passage. The evaporation heat exchanger and the evaporator are positioned in the interior air passage, the evaporation heat exchanger being located upstream of the evaporator with respect to an interior airflow in the interior air passage. The blower device is disposed in the interior air passage and is driven to generate the interior airflow in the interior air passage.

Abstract: An efficient coding system for interlaced video sequences with forced refreshing capabilities. An input picture of is divided into two fields, a first and a second field. Certain lines or portions of lines in each respective field are designated for forced refreshing, while the non-designated lines are interframe prediction coded. The designated lines of first field are intrafield prediction coded, while the designated lines of the second field are interfield prediction coded. The selection and implementation of the refreshing of the first and second fields is executed by the controller and switching circuitry of the coding system.

Abstract: A multiplex transmission method and apparatus for motion picture signals. A transmission line constituted by transmission channels having different carrier frequencies is prepared. One of the transmission channels has a transmission rate almost equal to the long-term average of information generation speeds in encoding an arbitrary motion picture signal. The input motion picture signal is encoded by using inter-frame and intra-frame correlations, and encoded information is output for each image channel. The image channels are related in one-to-one correspondence with the transmission channels having the different carrier frequencies.

Abstract: In a transmitting system, a first multiplexer multiplexes first through M-th encoded digital video signals from encoders to produce a primary multiplex signal comprising cells which have channel codes, address codes, and cell data, where M represents an integer greater than two. Each of the cell data represents a part of one of the encoded digital video signals. Each of the channel codes indicates one of the encoded digital video signals. Each of the address codes indicates a position of one of the cell datum. A first demultiplexer demultiplexes the primary multiplex signal to produce first through N-th primary demultiplex signals, where N represents an integer which is less than M and greater than one. A second multiplexer multiplexes the first through the N-th primary demultiplex signals from the first demultiplexer through first through N-th transmitting paths to produce a secondary multiplex signal.

Abstract: Derived from a picture input signal and a motion vector signal in a block matching type motion compensation encoding device, a prediction error signal is quantized by a controllable quantizer into a quantized signal for encoding together with the motion vector signal. Supplied with frame pulses, a controller produces a control signal with a predetermined value for making the quantizer quantize a zero signal instead of the error signal and with a different value for operating the quantizer merely as a forward quantizer. An amount of encoded information is reduced when the predetermined value appears once in two or three frame periods. For smoother movement of a movable part in reproduced pictures, the zero signal is not substituted in each duration in which motion vectors are either greater in magnitude, not identical with a representative vector, or less correlated with corresponding motion vectors in a previous picture for which the zero signal is not substituted.

Abstract: Time-varying picture signals of a plurality of channels are predictively coded by utilizing the interframe correlation and multiplexed at the transmitting side. The signals are separated for each channel, switched and selected for any channel for decoding at the receiving side after transmitted. When the receiving channel is switched over to other channel, a decoding error can occur and a reproduced screen can collapse since the predicting signals do not coincide with each other at the transmitting and receiving sides. Therefore, when the plurality of channels is selectively switched for decoding by using a single decoder, the refresh is repeated at predetermined time intervals in a short period of time by utilizing the intraframe correlation when the coding is carried out at the transmitting side so that, even if the channel is switched, an excellent reproduced screen may be immediately obtained.

Abstract: According to a method and apparatus for coding a moving image signal, a change between a current frame and a previous frame is detected in units of blocks obtained by dividing a frame constituted by an input moving image signal into a plurality of pixels. A first valid block map is formed in units of frames by determining valid and invalid blocks on the basis of the detected changes. A first weighting operation of the formed first valid block map is performed. A second weighting operation of a fourth valid block map of the previous frame is performed. A weighted second valid block map is obtained by adding/synthesizing the first and fourth valid block maps respectively subjected to the first and second weighting operations. A third valid block map is obtained by performing predetermined segmentation of the second valid block map. A fourth valid block map is obtained by determining validity of an isolated invalid block in the third valid block map by referring to neighboring blocks.

Abstract: In the negative pressure booster equipment 1 according to the present invention, a groove 27 is provided on the inner peripheral beads 14a and 16a of the diaphragms 14 and 16, fixed on the valve body 8 and forming the power pistons in order to communicate the variable pressure chambers 5b and 7b divided by the diaphragms 14 and 16 with the passages 26 and 28 corresponding to the variable pressure chambers 5b and 7b. Accordingly, the air passages are opened to the variable pressure chambers 5b and 7b through the groove 27 formed on the beads 14a and 16a of the diaphragms 14 and 16. According to this invention, therefore, there is no need to provide wide gap between the fixed portion of the beads and the center plate in order to open the air passages to the variable pressure chambers. This makes it possible to shorten overall length of the negative pressure booster equipment 1.

Abstract: In a reproduction system for use in reproducing a still image from a sequence of predictive error signals which is read out of a memory and which is preliminarily processed into a sequence of preliminary processed signals, an intermediate circuit interrupts the preliminary processed signals in response to an external command signal. In the intermediate circuit, the external command signal is resampled by a sequence of frame pulses in a resampling circuit into a resampled signal so as to close a gate circuit. No predictive error signal is sent to an adder circuit during absence of the gate circuit. An identical error signal is repeatedly produced as a sequence of reproduced signals to reproduce the still image.

Abstract: In an encoding device including a frame memory for memorizing an input moving picture signal as a memorized moving picture signal frame by frame and an encoding unit for encoding the memorized moving picture signal by using an encoding parameter, a control unit controls the parameter in compliance with a ratio which a moving picture area has relative to a frame picture represented by each frame of the input moving picture signal. The parameter should be fine and coarse when the ratio is small and great, respectively. As usual, a buffer memory of the encoding unit produces an amount signal indicative of an extent to which the buffer memory is full. Preferably, the control unit suspends encoding operation during a succeeding one of two successive frames when the amount signal indicates that the buffer memory became full in a preceding one of the two successive frames. The control unit makes the frame memory keep a frame of the memorized moving picture signal while suspending the encoding operation.

Abstract: In an image processing system for use in processing a sequence of image signals carrying a moving image, the image signal sequence is divided into a sequence of partial image signals each of which carries a scene subsequence defined by scene changes. A background signal generator determines a background portion of the moving image by monitoring a whole of each partial image signal and produces a background signal. The background signal is coded by a coder prior to a sequence of error signals resulting from predictive coding of each partial signal. During prediction of the background signal, the error signals may be rendered to zero in the coder. The background signal may be either determined at every picture element or at every block composed of a plurality of picture elements.

Abstract: A brake booster is disclosed which reduces an idle stroke of an input shaft. A key member which is mechanically coupled to a valve plunger which forms part of a valve mechanism is provided with an elastic member so that when the brake booster is inoperative, the elastic member on the key member abuts against a shell and a valve body, respectively, thereby limiting a retracting movement of the valve body. Under this condition, a retracting movement of the key member is allowed by an elastic deformation of the elastic member if the input shaft is pulled rearward to cause a retracting movement of the valve plunger and the key member.

Abstract: In a recording system, a sequence of image signals obtained from a sequence of images are used to generate and record a sequence of recordable signals on a read only memory. Efficient coding of the received sequence of image signals is carried out through the use of a given parameter which is adaptively and dynamically changed, preferably manually, through a parameter controller acting as the interactive device. The image signals are repeatedly subjected to the efficient coding process. The process uses a sequence of predictive signals to produce coded signals. The predictive signals are displayed on a monitor display device to be monitored by an operator. The operator changes the attributes of the parameter until an optimum image is obtained. The optimum parameter is stored on a magnetic tape.

Abstract: In an image recording system for use in recording a sequence of coded signals on a recording medium, such as a CD-ROM in response to a sequence of image signals divisible into a succession of frames each of which is subdivided into a plurality of splits, the image signals are selectively subjected to interframe coding and intraframe coding in a coder to be coded into first and second error signals, respectively, under control of a coding control circuit. The intraframe coding may be carried out about a selected split at every frame, at every preselected period, or at predetermined positions of each scene. The second and the first error signals are rearranged into the coded signals by delaying the second error signal relative to the first error signal. Such a second error signal serves to reproduce an initial image on reproducing the coded signals and enables a reverse reproduction, a quick search, a high speed reproduction, and the like in a reproducing system.

Abstract: A coding system in accordance with the present invention includes a control signal generating circuit for generating a control signal indicative of a quantity of band limitation by calculating a ratio of an area of motion from an input video signal. A band limiter band-limits a transform-coded video signal in response to the control signal. For example, when the picture is stationary or little moved, the transform-coded video signal is not band-limited at all; when the area of motion is medium, high frequency components of a part of the video signal are omitted to cope with an increase in the amount of data generated; and when the area of motion is extremely great, many high frequency components are omitted to accommodate a rash of data. A prediction coding circuit predictively codes the band-limited video signal before the latter is sent out to a transmission path.

Abstract: In an image communication system, an input image sequence is converted into a block-formatted sequence. A data compression signal indicative of the amount of moving blocks in the block-formatted sequence is generated to individually control a plurality of vector quantizers each having a particular frequency band and a memory containing output vectors. The output vectors of each of the vector quantizers is representative of inverse orthogonal transform of a code table of optimum quantized vectors in the particular frequency band, the optimum quantized vectors being orthogonal transform of interframe differential training image sequences. The output vectors is retrievable from the memory as a function of an interframe differential image sequence, or prediction error.

Abstract: The invention relates to a locking arrangement for a key member used in a brake booster. A key member includes an arcuate portion which surrounds substantially one-half the perimeter of a valve body, and engaging recesses are formed at the opposite ends of the arcuate portion on the inner side. A retainer surrounds substantially one-half the perimeter of the valve body at a location opposite to the arcuate portion of the key member. The opposite ends of the retainer are formed with engaging pawls on the outer side for engaging with the engaging recesses under the resilience of the retainer. Accordingly, by merely assembling the key member and the retainer with the valve body, the engaging pawls of the retainer can be automatically engaged with the engaging recesses in the key member, thereby preventing the withdrawal of the retainer and the key member from the valve body.

Abstract: In a movement compensation predictive encoder, a vector detector (19) is supplied with a moving picture signal and produces a movement vector signal representative of at least one movement vector for each region of each frame. A picture analyzer (16) serves as a variation detector for detecting a variation in each region to produce a variation signal when the variation exceeds a predetermined threshold in one of the regions. The variation signal is used in giving a predetermined value, such as zero, to the above-mentioned at least one movement vector for that one of the regions. In place of the variation detector, a scene change detector can likewise be used to produce a scene change signal for giving a predetermined value to the movement vectors for a frame for which a scene change is detected.

Abstract: On subjecting a digital video signal representative of successive pictures to predictive coding by using correlation between two successive pictures, an estimated result is derived from the digital video signal to represent a degree of correlation between a current picture and a previous picture and is increased with a reduction of the degree. When the estimated result becomes greater than a predetermined threshold value as a result of a drastical change, such as a scene change, from the previous picture to the current picture, a control signal is produced. Furthermore, the digital video signal is separated into a preceding signal part ending at the previous picture and a succeeding part which begins at the current picture. The control signal controls the predictive coding so that the succeeding part be coded with an area of predictive coding of each picture gradually widened with time. The control signal may be supplied to a predictive coder.