Abstract: Systems and method for production of furfural comprising combining a xylose-containing solution with an extraction solution comprising water-insoluble boronic acid to provide a first combined solution comprising an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase, said non-aqueous phase comprising xylose-diboronate ester (BA2X); combining at least a portion of the non-aqueous phase with a conversion solution to form a second combined solution, heating the second combined solution to convert at least a portion of the xylose-diboronate ester into furfural to a temperature at or above which the second combined solution consists essentially of a homogeneous liquid phase, cooling down the heated second combined solution to a temperature wherein the cooled second combined solution comprises an aqueous phase comprising water and furfural and (ii) a non-aqueous phase comprising water-insoluble boronic acid and furfural.

Abstract: Systems and method for production of furfural comprising combining a xylose-containing solution with an extraction solution comprising water-insoluble boronic acid to provide a first combined solution comprising an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase, said non-aqueous phase comprising xylose-diboronate ester (BA2X); combining at least a portion of the non-aqueous phase with an ionic conversion solution having a pH of less than or equal to 4 and comprising one or more salts to form a second combined solution, wherein the ionic conversion solution has a calculated molar ionic strength of at least 1, heating the second combined solution to convert at least a portion of the xylose-diboronate ester into furfural; separating the second combined solution into a second aqueous phase comprising from a second non-aqueous phase and recovering furfural from the second non-aqueous phase.

Abstract: A stamp for making a microarray of biomolecules, wherein the stamp has a stamp body having a stamping surface for stamping the biomolecules onto a substrate, a plurality of reservoirs for liquids having the biomolecules, wherein each of the reservoirs has a bottom wall and a plurality of channels extending between each of the bottom wall and the stamping surface, wherein each of the reservoirs and the channels has a macroporous hydrogel and wherein the stamping surface is provided with a hydrophobic coating.

Abstract: A stamp for making a microarray of biomolecules, wherein the stamp has a stamp body having a stamping surface for stamping the biomolecules onto a substrate, a plurality of reservoirs for liquids having the biomolecules, wherein each of the reservoirs has a bottom wall and a plurality of channels extending between each of the bottom wall and the stamping surface, wherein each of the reservoirs and the channels has a macroporous hydrogel and wherein the stamping surface is provided with a hydrophobic coating.