Abstract: An electrochemical cell or a plurality or block of electrochemical cells is connected through an anode circulation system to a reservoir which is also provided with a built-in controller for maintaining the level of anolyte. The built-in controller can be any suitable regulation device that controls the speed at which the brine is pumped into the anode chamber. A valve-type device is provided on the reservoir for releasing the gaseous mixture of the oxidants to maintain a given pressure in the anode circulation system. The cathode circulation system also includes a reservoir which also includes a valve-type device for the discharge of the excess gas-liquid mixture. A feed unit which contains a pump and a brine tank is connected to the lower part of the anode circulation system. A gas separator for separating hydrogen from the alkaline solution (the catholyte) is also connected to the system.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrochemical purification of water and for regulation of acid-alkaline properties, Red-Ox characteristics and catalytic activity of water that can be used for obtaining washing and disinfecting solutions. The apparatus includes at least one electrochemical cell which contain vertical coaxial cylindrical and rod electrodes made from material nonsoluble during electrolysis and an ultrafiltration ceramic diaphragm installed between the electrodes to create inter-electrode space in the electrode chambers. Channels for the treated solution supply into and discharge from the electrode chambers. A feeding line is connected to the inlet of the negative electrode chamber and the output of the negative electrode chamber is connected to the inlet of the positive electrode chamber by a special line which has a by-pass for discharging a part of the degasified treated solution from the chamber of the negative electrode. A catalyst chamber can be installed on the special line.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrochemical purification of water and for regulation of acid-alkaline properties, Red-Ox characteristics and catalytic activity of water that can be used for obtaining washing and disinfecting solutions. The apparatus includes at least one electrochemical cell which contain vertical coaxial cylindrical and rod electrodes made from material nonsoluble during electrolysis and an ultrafiltration ceramic diaphragm installed in the bushings between the electrodes to create inter-electrode space in the electrode chambers. The lower and upper bushings have a channels for the treated solution supply into and discharge from the electrode chambers. The channels are connected to the feeding and discharging adjustment lines. There is also a metering pump on the water line for sodium chloride dosing into the water to be treated. The water line contains a flow regulator connected to the feeding and discharging adjustment lines. Poles of the power supply are connected to the electrodes.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell for the treatment of water and/or water solutions comprises an internal electrode having a middle section and a pin-end at each end thereof, the diameter of each pin-end being not more than 0.75 of the diameter of the middle section; an external electrode mounted around the internal electrode; and a coaxial ceramic diaphragm mounted in a separate inter-electrode space in an electrode chamber of the cell. The external electrode is mounted in lower and upper dielectric bushings. Both the internal electrode and the external electrode are connected with positive and negative poles of a power supply. The cell further includes an upper dielectric collector head and a lower dielectric collector head which each have an axial channel; each collector head being installed in the bushing slots and adapted for turning therein. The diaphragm being fastened by elastic gaskets mounted in the slots of the bushings.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell for the treatment of water and/or water solutions comprises an internal electrode having a middle section and a pin-end at each end thereof, the diameter of each pin-end being not more than 0.75 of the diameter of the middle section; an external electrode mounted around the internal electrode; and a coaxial ceramic diaphragm mounted in a separate inter-electrode space in an electrode chamber of the cell. The external electrode is mounted in lower and upper dielectric bushings. Both the internal electrode and the external electrode are connected with positive and negative poles of a power supply. The cell further includes an upper dielectric collector head and a lower dielectric collector head which each have an axial channel; each collector head being installed in the bushing slots and adapted for turning therein. The diaphragm being fastened by elastic gaskets mounted in the slots of the bushings.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrochemical purification of water and for regulation of acid-alkaline properties, Red-Ox characteristics and catalytic activity of water that can be used for obtaining washing and disinfecting solutions. The apparatus includes at least one electrochemical cell which contain vertical coaxial cylindrical and rod electrodes made from material nonsoluble during electrolysis and an ultrafiltration ceramic diaphragm installed in the bushings between the electrodes to create inter-electrode space in the electrode chambers. The lower and upper bushings have a channels for the treated solution supply into and discharge from the electrode chambers. The channels are connected to the feeding and discharging adjustment lines. There is also a metering pump on the water line for sodium chloride dosing into the water to be treated. The water line contains a flow regulator connected to the feeding and discharging adjustment lines. Poles of the power supply are connected to the electrodes.

Abstract: There is proposed a water treatment method by causing the water to be pured to flow through a first and a second compartments arranged in succession in an electrolysis cell divided by a permeable membrane into said first and second compartments. Each of the compartments accomodates an electrode, one of them being an anode, and the other--a cathode. Direct electric current is then passed through the water between the anode and the cathode, the current value being determined from the following equation:I=K.times.(C).sup.1/4 .times.Q,whereinI is the current amperage (A),C is the feed water mineralization equal to 0.1-1.5 g/l,Q is the water flow rate (1/hour), ##EQU1## the I/Q ratio being comprised within from about 110 to about 220 Coulomb/liter. The water is caused to flow successively from the anode compartment towards the cathode compartment. Once the water is discharged from the cathode compartment, it is subjected to filtering by passing the water through a bed of a porous carbonaceous material.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrical treatment of water can be used for purifying and disinfecting potable water, and also for producing detergent and disinfecting solutions, and comprises at least one electrochemical cell made up of an upright cylindrical electrode and a rod electrode of a variable cross-section mounted coaxially in dielectric sleeves, an ultrafiltration diaphragm made from ceramics based on zirconium oxide and coaxially mounted in the sleeves between the electrodes, the geometrical dimensions of the cell meet some definite relationships. The system of openings in the electrodes and ducts in the sleeves provides for the optimal hydraulic characteristics of the cell. The sleeves and cylindrical electrode have the same external diameter and the cells are specially secured by means of gaskets in the upper and lower headers of a dielectric material with cylindrical sockets in each and supply and discharge ducts.

Abstract: A method for separating solid phase from drilling mud, comprising forming from drilling mud and adhesive layer on a rotary closed curvilinear surface partly placed in the drilling mud, with subsequent feeding of an ionized gas jet along a tangent line to the adhesive layer, the gas jet entraining and removing solid phase particles from the drilling mud. The linear velocity of the adhesive layer in the zone of its contact with the gas jet is controlled by changing the velocity of the gas jet.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning drilling mud, wherein a straightflow hopper (1) has a pipe (2) for collecting drillings deposited from the drilling mud, accommodating a device (3) for removing the drillings. The device for removing the drillings comprises two shutters (4, 5) provided at the ends of the pipe (2) for collecting the drillings separated from the drilling mud, which are connected to one another and coupled to an actuator (8) for turning the shutters for alternately shutting-off the cross-section of the pipe (2).

Abstract: The method of separating the solid phase in a drilling mud includes forming from the drilling mud an adhesion layer 2 on a rotated curvilinear closed surface 3 partly projected into the drilling mud. Then a portion of this adhesion layer is separated onto another rotated curvilinear closed surface 5 positioned to contact a portion of the adhesion layer 2. The respective linear speeds of the adhesion layer 2 and of said another rotating closed curvilinear surface 5 in the area of their contact are selected to be substantially equal. The method of the invention provides for regulating the separation of the solid phase in drilling mud within a wide range depending on the mineralogical composition thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrokinetically separating drilling mud into liquid and solid phases comprising a casing (1) having an inlet (2) for drolling mud and outlets (3,13) for separated phases thereof and accommodating electrodes connected to the negative terminal and to the positive terminal, respectively, of a d-c source (8). The electrode connected to the negative terminal of the d-c source (8) comprises a conveyor screw (4) which has a cylindrical portion (5) and an adjacent conical portion (6). The casing (1) functions as the electrode connected to the positive terminal of the d-c source (8) and has respective cylindrical (10a, 10b, 10c) and conical (11) portions. The outlet (13) for solid phase of drilling mud is provided at the end of the conical portion (11) of the casing (1). There is provided a receptacle (14) for collecting solid phase of drilling mud communicating with the outlet (13) for solid phase of drilling mud provided in the casing (1).