Abstract: shorting defects between the scan lines and signal lines are repaired during the manufacture of a TFT or other flat panel display unit without causing liquid crystal orientation defects and production yield is thereby improved. In a TFT panel in which the scan line 2 bifurcates where the scan line 2 and signal line 3 intersect with the protective insulation film 8 therebetween, one leg of the bifurcation of the scan line 2 where a short 7 is found between lines at the intersection is cut by a laser 9, thereby electrically separating the short. An insulation film material 13 is then supplied from a glass pipette 12 locally to the cut part and surrounding area and cured to form a new insulation film.

Abstract: This invention provides a plant growth sheet structure which includes a base web layer and a core layer integrally coupled together in this order, a base web layer, a plant seed holding layer and a core layer integrally coupled together in this order, or a base web layer, a core layer, a plant seed holding layer and a cover web layer integrally coupled together in this order, and is provided at its surface with plant protection projections, and also provides a natural turf sheet structure including a natural turf grown on the plant growth sheet structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an openable roof having two pairs of half dome openable roofs provided on a ring shaped set roof having a flat upper surface. In the center of the set roof, an aperture is provided; this aperture being opened or closed by these two pairs of openable roofs. Furthermore, either respective pair of these two pairs of openable roofs may be selected and utilized to open and close the aperture as necessary.

Abstract: An air supply control system for an internal combustion engine comprises at least first and second turbosupercharger, an exhaust cutoff valve operative selectively to open and close an exhaust passage in which a turbine of the second turbosupercharger is disposed, an intake air cutoff valve operative selectively to open and close an intake passage in which a blower of the second turbosupercharger is disposed, a cutoff valve controller operative to control the exhaust cutoff valve and the intake air cutoff valve so as to cause the first turbosupercharger to work when intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively small and to cause both of the first and second turbosuperchargers to work when intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively large, an engine operation detector, and an operation controller operative to vary, in response to an engine operating condition detected by the engine operation detector, a boundary between first and second operating areas provided on an operating char

Abstract: Novel antibiotic .beta.-lactam compounds, i.e. 7-oxo-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid derivatives of the following formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a hydroxyl group,R.sub.2 represents a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy-lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyloxy-lower alkyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a phenyl group or a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms, andR.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group containing 7 to 20 carbon atoms,and the salts thereof; processes for production thereof; use thereof as antimicrobial agents; and novel intermediates for production of the compounds of formula (I).