Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for particle detection and analysis using two-dimensional optical imaging to access enhanced detection sensitivity and expanded sensing functionality relative to conventional point and array detection-based optical particle counters. Methods and systems of the present invention provide a two-dimensional optical imaging-based particle sensing platform wherein system components and specifications are selected to generate reproducible and readily identifiable signals, including particle detection signatures, from optical scattering or emission from particles provided to the system. Systems and methods of the present invention are capable of accurately and sensitively detecting, identifying, and characterizing (e.g., determining the size of) particles in liquid phase or gas phase samples.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for particle detection and analysis using two-dimensional optical imaging to access enhanced detection sensitivity and expanded sensing functionality relative to conventional point and array detection-based optical particle counters. Methods and systems of the present invention provide a two-dimensional optical imaging-based particle sensing platform wherein system components and specifications are selected to generate reproducible and readily identifiable signals, including particle detection signatures, from optical scattering or emission from particles provided to the system. Systems and methods of the present invention are capable of accurately and sensitively detecting, identifying, and characterizing (e.g., determining the size of) particles in liquid phase or gas phase samples.

Abstract: Described herein is a particle detection system capable of spatially resolving the interaction of particles with a beam of electromagnetic radiation. Using a specific electromagnetic beam cross sectional shape and orientation, the detection sensitivity of a particle detection system can be improved. Also provided are methods for detecting and sizing particles in a manner that has low background signal and allows for spatially resolving the scattering or emission of electromagnetic radiation from particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for particle detection and analysis using two-dimensional optical imaging to access enhanced detection sensitivity and expanded sensing functionality relative to conventional point and array detection-based optical particle counters. Methods and systems of the present invention provide a two-dimensional optical imaging-based particle sensing platform wherein system components and specifications are selected to generate reproducible and readily identifiable signals, including particle detection signatures, from optical scattering or emission from particles provided to the system. Systems and methods of the present invention are capable of accurately and sensitively detecting, identifying, and characterizing (e.g., determining the size of) particles in liquid phase or gas phase samples.

Abstract: Described herein is a particle detection system capable of spatially resolving the interaction of particles with a beam of electromagnetic radiation. Using a specific electromagnetic beam cross sectional shape and orientation, the detection sensitivity of a particle detection system can be improved. Also provided are methods for detecting and sizing particles in a manner that has low background signal and allows for spatially resolving the scattering or emission of electromagnetic radiation from particles.

Abstract: Described herein is a particle detection system capable of spatially resolving the interaction of particles with a beam of electromagnetic radiation. Using a specific electromagnetic beam cross sectional shape and orientation, the detection sensitivity of a particle detection system can be improved. Also provided are methods for detecting and sizing particles in a manner that has low background signal and allows for spatially resolving the scattering or emission of electromagnetic radiation from particles.

Abstract: Described herein is a particle detection system capable of spatially resolving the interaction of particles with a beam of electromagnetic radiation. Using a specific electromagnetic beam cross sectional shape and orientation, the detection sensitivity of a particle detection system can be improved. Also provided are methods for detecting and sizing particles in a manner that has low background signal and allows for spatially resolving the scattering or emission of electromagnetic radiation from particles.

Abstract: Described herein is a particle detection system capable of spatially resolving the interaction of particles with a beam of electromagnetic radiation. Using a specific electromagnetic beam cross sectional shape and orientation, the detection sensitivity of a particle detection system can be improved. Also provided are methods for detecting and sizing particles in a manner that has low background signal and allows for spatially resolving the scattering or emission of electromagnetic radiation from particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for particle detection and analysis using two-dimensional optical imaging to access enhanced detection sensitivity and expanded sensing functionality relative to conventional point and array detection-based optical particle counters. Methods and systems of the present invention provide a two-dimensional optical imaging-based particle sensing platform wherein system components and specifications are selected to generate reproducible and readily identifiable signals, including particle detection signatures, from optical scattering or emission from particles provided to the system. Systems and methods of the present invention are capable of accurately and sensitively detecting, identifying, and characterizing (e.g., determining the size of) particles in liquid phase or gas phase samples.

Abstract: Water-soluble monomers and water-soluble polymers derived therefrom are disclosed. These materials can be used with other vinyl monomers to form water-soluble polymers which are reactive with cellulosic substrates to obtain drastically improved strength, particularly when applied in paper manufacture. The polymers contain at least two mole percent of a monomer represented by the chemical structure: ##STR1## wherein R is H, CH.sub.3, or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ; andA is O, or N(R.sub.1); andB is CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O, ##STR2## and D is ##STR3## and wherein R.sub.1 is H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n H, or (B).sub.q D, and wherein q is from 1-6, except when B contains nitrogen in which case q is always one; and wherein R.sub.2 is H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, or (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n H; and wherein R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 may be the same or different and are, for each individual occurrence, H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ; and wherein Z is from the group Cl, Br, I, NO.sub.3, SO.sub.

Abstract: Water-soluble monomers and water-soluble polymers derived therefrom are disclosed. These materials can be used with other vinyl monomers to form water-soluble polymers which are reactive with cellulosic substrates to obtain drastically improved strength, particularly when applied in paper manufacture.The polymers contain at least two mole percent of a monomer represented by the chemical structure: ##STR1## wherein R is --H, --CH.sub.3, or --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ; andA is O, or N(R.sub.1); andB is CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O, --CH.sub.2).sub.n N(R.sub.1) (CH.sub.2).sub.m, ##STR2## and D is ##STR3## and wherein R.sub.1 is --H, --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n H, or (B).sub.q D, and wherein q is from 1-6, except when B contains nitrogen in which case q is always one; and wherein R.sub.2 is --H, --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, or (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n H; and wherein R.sub.3 is ##STR4## and wherein R.sub.4 and R.sub.

Abstract: A suspension of a finely divided material in a liquid suspending medium which swells cellulose, the suspension containing microfibrillated cellulose in an amount sufficient to produce a stable, homogeneous suspension. The microfibrillated cellulose, a form of cellulose having a very large available surface area per unit of weight, acts to confer, among other benefits, greater stability on the suspension. The suspensions are useful in a variety of end use products including foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, paints and drilling muds.

Abstract: A suspension of a finely divided material in a liquid suspending medium which swells cellulose, the suspension containing microfibrillated cellulose in an amount sufficient to produce a stable, homogeneous suspension. The microfibrillated cellulose, a form of cellulose having a very large available surface area per unit of weight, acts to confer, among other benefits, greater stability on the suspension. The suspensions are useful in a variety of end use products including foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, paints and drilling muds.

Abstract: Microfibrillated celluloses having properties distinguishable from all previously known celluloses, are produced by passing a liquid suspension of cellulose through a small diameter orifice in which the suspension is subjected to a pressure drop of at least 3000 psig and a high velocity shearing action followed by a high velocity decelerating impact, and repeating the passage of said suspension through the orifice until the cellulose suspension becomes a substantially stable suspension. The process converts the cellulose into microfibrillated cellulose without substantial chemical change of the cellulose starting material.

Abstract: A suspension of a finely divided material in a liquid suspending medium which swells cellulose, the suspension containing microfibrillated cellulose in an amount sufficient to produce a stable, homogeneous suspension. The suspensions are oil-in-water emulsion.

Abstract: A suspension of a finely divided material in a liquid suspending medium which swells cellulose, the suspension containing microfibrillated cellulose in an amount sufficient to produce a stable, homogeneous suspension. The finely divided material is a dense solid such as coal or sand.

Abstract: A suspension of a finely divided material in a liquid suspending medium which swells cellulose, the suspension containing microfibrillated cellulose in an amount sufficient to produce a stable, homogeneous suspension. The finely divided materials are hydrophilic polymers.

Abstract: An edible suspension of a finely divided food material in a liquid suspending medium which swells cellulose, the suspension also containing microfibrillated cellulose in an amount sufficient to produce a stable, homogeneous suspension. The microfibrillated cellulose, a form of cellulose having a very large available surface area per unit of weight, acts to confer, among other benefits, greater stability on the suspension.

Abstract: Microfibrillated celluloses having properties distinguishable from all previously known celluloses, are produced by passing a liquid suspension of cellulose through a small diameter orifice in which the suspension is subjected to a pressure drop of at least 3000 psig and a high velocity shearing action followed by a high velocity decelerating impact, and repeating the passage of said suspension through the orifice until the cellulose suspension becomes a substantially stable suspension. The process converts the cellulose into microfibrillated cellulose without substantial chemical change of the cellulose starting material.

Abstract: A food product containing microfibrillated cellulose is prepared by mixing together an edible liquid which swells cellulose, a food additive and fibrous cellulose to form a liquid suspension. The suspension is repeatedly passed through a small diameter orifice in which the mixture is subjected to a pressure drop of at least 3000 psig and a high velocity shearing action followed by a high velocity decelerating impact. The process converts the cellulose into microfibrillated cellulose and forms a stable homogeneous suspension of the microfibrillated cellulose, liquid and food additive.