Abstract: To provide a switching device capable of a switch-controlling a voltage source regardless of voltage changes in the voltage source to be switched and the voltage source employed for switch control. A switching path 61 includes, between the input terminal 1 and output terminal 4 for a voltage source, a series connection of the source or drain electrodes of PMOS transistors 10a and 10b connected to their back-gate electrode. A driving circuit has an NMOS transistor 11a having a load resistor 12a at its drain electrode and NMOS transistor 11b having a load resistor 12b at its drain electrode, which are connected to the gate electrodes of the PMOS transistors, respectively and receives the output from the logic inverter 14 for the switching control.

Abstract: To provide a switching device capable of a switch-controlling a voltage source regardless of voltage changes in the voltage source to be switched and the voltage source employed for switch control. A switching path 61 includes, between the input terminal 1 and output terminal 4 for a voltage source, a series connection of the source or drain electrodes of PMOS transistors 10a and 10b connected to their back-gate electrode. A driving circuit has an NMOS transistor 11a having a load resistor 12a at its drain electrode and NMOS transistor 11b having a load resistor 12b at its drain electrode, which are connected to the gate electrodes of the PMOS transistors, respectively and receives the output from the logic inverter 14 for the switching control.

Abstract: A simple and convenient analyzing apparatus is provided which easily, conveniently, and efficiently collects a material in the state of fine particles adhered to a target object, extracts the object to be analyzed, and analyzes the extracted object. An apparatus for detecting fine particles in a gas which sucks the gas under measurement from the target object by using a suction pump, extracts the fine particles contained in the gas under measurement, and performs measurement by using a spectrometer is embodied such that an inertial impactor for collecting the fine particles having diameters not less than a specified particle diameter is disposed upstream of the spectrometer, the fine particles are collected in the fine particle collector of the inertial impactor, the collector containing the collected fine particles is heated such that the collected fine particles are vaporized into a gas, and the vaporized fluid to be examined is supplied to the spectrometer to be measured thereby.

Abstract: A dangerous substance detecting apparatus comprises an oven for accommodating a wiping member stuck with a sample derived from a dangerous substance, a light source for emitting infrared rays for heating the sample, an ion source for ionizing the sample evaporated in the oven, a mass analyzer for performing a mass analysis on ions, a data processing unit for processing an output signal from the mass analyzer to determine the presence or absence of a dangerous substance, an operation panel for displaying the result of the determination, an alarm unit for generating an alarm based on the result of the determination, and a control unit for controlling the respective components of the apparatus based on operating conditions entered from the operation panel and specified for the respective components of the apparatus.

Abstract: A simple and convenient analyzing apparatus is provided which easily, conveniently, and efficiently collects a material in the state of fine particles adhered to a target object, extracts the object to be analyzed, and analyzes the extracted object. An apparatus for detecting fine particles in a gas which sucks the gas under measurement from the target object by using a suction pump, extracts the fine particles contained in the gas under measurement, and performs measurement by using a spectrometer is embodied such that an inertial impactor for collecting the fine particles having diameters not less than a specified particle diameter is disposed upstream of the spectrometer, the fine particles are collected in the fine particle collector of the inertial impactor, the collector containing the collected fine particles is heated such that the collected fine particles are vaporized into a gas, and the vaporized fluid to be examined is supplied to the spectrometer to be measured thereby.

Abstract: A dangerous substance detecting apparatus comprises an oven for accommodating a wiping member stuck with a sample derived from a dangerous substance, a light source for emitting infrared rays for heating the sample, an ion source for ionizing the sample evaporated in the oven, a mass analyzer for performing a mass analysis on ions, a data processing unit for processing an output signal from the mass analyzer to determine the presence or absence of a dangerous substance, an operation panel for displaying the result of the determination, an alarm unit for generating an alarm based on the result of the determination, and a control unit for controlling the respective components of the apparatus based on operating conditions entered from the operation panel and specified for the respective components of the apparatus.

Abstract: A substance detection method includes the steps of: heating a sample adhered to a substance with a temperature at which the substance is readily vaporized to vapor the substance; sucking air and feeding the sucked air in a direction different from a direction along which the substance is vaporized; negatively ionizing the vapor sucked with the air; and detecting the substance adhered to the sample by analyzing the negative ion.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor register element being capable of reducing standby power consumption of a CMOS semiconductor integrated circuit. Upon shifting from a standby status to an operating status, firstly the application of input voltage is interrupted from elements other than temporary memory elements to the temporary memory elements. Next, the application of output voltage is interrupted from the temporary memory elements to the elements other than the temporary memory elements. Finally, the supply of source voltage is interrupted to the elements other than the temporary memory elements. In the steps of returning from a standby status to an operating status, firstly the supply of source voltage is resumed to the interrupted elements other than the temporary memory elements. Next, the application of output voltage is resumed from the temporary memory elements to the elements other than the temporary memory elements.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor register element being capable of reducing standby power consumption of a CMOS semiconductor integrated circuit. Upon shifting from a standby status to an operating status, firstly the application of input voltage is interrupted from elements other than temporary memory elements to the temporary memory elements. Next, the application of output voltage is interrupted from the temporary memory elements to the elements other than the temporary memory elements. Finally, the supply of source voltage is interrupted to the elements other than the temporary memory elements. In the steps of returning from a standby status to an operating status, firstly the supply of source voltage is resumed to the interrupted elements other than the temporary memory elements. Next, the application of output voltage is resumed from the temporary memory elements to the elements other than the temporary memory elements.