Abstract: Provided is a flow analyzer and a flow analysis method each of which makes it possible to stably and continuously measure a sample. The flow analyzer and the flow analysis method each include: a marker introducing device (2) which is for introducing a marker into a tube (3); and a marker detecting device (5) which detects the marker and outputs a detection signal to an analyzing device (4), the analyzing device (4) acquiring analysis data on the basis of the detection signal.

Abstract: An impact detection device includes: a body configured to be struck; a vibration sensor that detects vibration of the body; a support base that supports the vibration sensor; a first elastic body sandwiched between the vibration sensor and the body; and a second elastic body sandwiched between the vibration sensor and the support base. A dimension of each of the first elastic body and the second elastic body is smaller than a dimension of the vibration sensor when viewed from an arrangement direction in which the first elastic body, the vibration sensor, and the second elastic body are arranged.

Abstract: Provided is a flow analyzer and a flow analysis method each of which makes it possible to stably and continuously measure a sample. The flow analyzer and the flow analysis method each include: a marker introducing device (2) which is for introducing a marker into a tube (3); and a marker detecting device (5) which detects the marker and outputs a detection signal to an analyzing device (4), the analyzing device (4) acquiring analysis data on the basis of the detection signal.

Abstract: An impact detection device includes: a body configured to be struck; a vibration sensor that detects vibration of the body; a support base that supports the vibration sensor; a first elastic body sandwiched between the vibration sensor and the body; and a second elastic body sandwiched between the vibration sensor and the support base. A dimension of each of the first elastic body and the second elastic body is smaller than a dimension of the vibration sensor when viewed from an arrangement direction in which the first elastic body, the vibration sensor, and the second elastic body are arranged.

Abstract: The present invention provides a host for genetic recombination useful in the production of heterologous proteins in a large scale, by suppressing the production of extracellular polysaccharides in the basidiomycetous yeasts. Cryptococcus sp. S-2 D11 strain (FERM BP-11482) which is characterized in that the production of extracellular polysaccharides is suppressed as compared with the parent strain.

Abstract: The present invention provides a host for genetic recombination useful in the production of heterologous proteins in a large scale, by suppressing the production of extracellular polysaccharides in the basidiomycetous yeasts. Cryptococcus sp. S-2 D11 strain (FERN BP-11482) which is characterized in that the production of extracellular polysaccharides is suppressed as compared with the parent strain.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing vibration compensation using position measurements are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of compensating for vibrations of an object includes obtaining a plurality of position measurements associated with the object. The method also includes processing the plurality of position measurements to determine a derivative acceleration, and determining a compensatory force to counteract the vibrations of the object. Determining the compensatory force includes using the derivative acceleration. Finally, the method includes applying the compensatory force to the object.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are disclosed for identifying force-ripple and/or side-forces in actuators used for moving a multiple-axis stage. The identified force-ripple and/or side-forces can be mapped, and maps of corresponding position-dependent compensation ratios useful for correcting same are obtained. The methods are especially useful for stages providing motion in at least one degree of freedom using multiple (redundant) actuators. In an exemplary method a stage member is displaced, using at least one selected actuator, multiple times over a set distance in the range of motion of the subject actuator(s). Each displacement has a predetermined trajectory and respective starting point in the range. For each displacement, respective section force-command(s) are extracted and normalized to a reference section force-command to define a section compensation-ratio.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing vibration compensation using position measurements are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of compensating for vibrations of an object includes obtaining a plurality of position measurements associated with the object. The method also includes processing the plurality of position measurements to determine a derivative acceleration, and determining a compensatory force to counteract the vibrations of the object. Determining the compensatory force includes using the derivative acceleration. Finally, the method includes applying the compensatory force to the object.

Abstract: A piezo electric element generates a vibrating voltage in response to a striking force on a pad. The piezo electric element is connected across a series connection of a linear resistor and a nonlinear resistance network. The voltage appearing across the nonlinear resistance network is taken as an output voltage. The nonlinear resistance network is comprised of a parallel connection of a first and a second resistance circuitry. The first resistance circuitry is a series connection of a resister and two diodes connected in parallel in an opposite polarity to each other. The second resistance circuitry is a series connection of another resister and two Zener diodes connected in series in an opposite polarity to each other.

Abstract: Grounded, circular movable electrode and divided electrodes, formed on a surface of a circular printed board, are opposed to each other via a double-face tape, functioning also as a spacer, with a slight gap interposed therebetween. As a pad is struck with a stick, the gap between the movable electrode and the divided electrodes changes so that capacitance between the movable electrode and the divided electrodes changes, in response to which signals are output from the divided electrodes. The divided electrodes are sandwiched between the grounded movable electrode and a grounded shielded electrode and thus are not influenced from external disturbances.

Abstract: A piezo electric element generates a vibrating voltage in response to a striking force on a pad. The piezo electric element is connected across a series connection of a linear resistor and a nonlinear resistance network. The voltage appearing across the nonlinear resistance network is taken as an output voltage. The nonlinear resistance network is comprised of a parallel connection of a first and a second resistance circuitry. The first resistance circuitry is a series connection of a resister and two diodes connected in parallel in an opposite polarity to each other. The second resistance circuitry is a series connection of another resister and two Zener diodes connected in series in an opposite polarity to each other.

Abstract: Grounded, circular movable electrode and divided electrodes, formed on a surface of a circular printed board, are opposed to each other via a double-face tape, functioning also as a spacer, with a slight gap interposed therebetween. As a pad is struck with a stick, the gap between the movable electrode and the divided electrodes changes so that capacitance between the movable electrode and the divided electrodes changes, in response to which signals are output from the divided electrodes. The divided electrodes are sandwiched between the grounded movable electrode and a grounded shielded electrode and thus are not influenced from external disturbances.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a solenoid switch which includes a pair of fixed contacts spaced away from each other, a solenoid, a contact pressure applier, and a moving contact. The moving contact is configured to be moved by the solenoid to strike the fixed contacts and keep contact with the fixed contacts under pressure applied by the contact pressure applier, thereby bridging the fixed contacts. The moving contact is also configured to have, when striking the fixed contacts, a flexural rigidity lower than or equal to 1000 N/mm, thereby preventing contact bounce from occurring in the solenoid switch.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are disclosed for identifying force-ripple and/or side-forces in actuators used for moving a multiple-axis stage. The identified force-ripple and/or side-forces can be mapped, and maps of corresponding position-dependent compensation ratios useful for correcting same are obtained. The methods are especially useful for stages providing motion in at least one degree of freedom using multiple (redundant) actuators. In an exemplary method a stage member is displaced, using at least one selected actuator, multiple times over a set distance in the range of motion of the subject actuator(s). Each displacement has a predetermined trajectory and respective starting point in the range. For each displacement, respective section force-command(s) are extracted and normalized to a reference section force-command to define a section compensation-ratio.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a cable force feedforward approach that takes into account the cable force in the counter-mass trajectory computation to reduce or eliminate vibration of the lens body caused by the cable force disturbance and corrective force exerted by the trim motors. In one embodiment, a method provides cable force feedforward control for a counter-mass of a stage with a cable connected to the counter-mass and using the cable force feedforward control to control one or more trim motors to produce a trim motor output force to be applied to the counter-mass, the counter-mass moving in response to a reaction force from movement of the stage.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for actively damping vibrations associated with a optical assembly of a photolithographic system are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, an assembly that provides damping to a structure of a photolithographic apparatus that is subject to structural oscillations includes a counter mass, an active mechanism, an a controller. The active mechanism is coupled to the structure, supports the counter mass, and applies a force to the structure to counteract structural oscillations in the structure. The controller controls the force applied by the active mechanism on the structure, and utilizes information associated with movement of the structure to control the force.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a solenoid switch which includes a pair of fixed contacts spaced away from each other, a solenoid, a contact pressure applier, and a moving contact. The moving contact is configured to be moved by the solenoid to strike the fixed contacts and keep contact with the fixed contacts under pressure applied by the contact pressure applier, thereby bridging the fixed contacts. The moving contact is also configured to have, when striking the fixed contacts, a flexural rigidity lower than or equal to 1000 N/mm, thereby preventing contact bounce from occurring in the solenoid switch.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a cable force feedforward approach that takes into account the cable force in the counter-mass trajectory computation to reduce or eliminate vibration of the lens body caused by the cable force disturbance and corrective force exerted by the trim motors. In one embodiment, a method provides cable force feedforward control for a counter-mass of a stage with a cable connected to the counter-mass and using the cable force feedforward control to control one or more trim motors to produce a trim motor output force to be applied to the counter-mass, the counter-mass moving in response to a reaction force from movement of the stage.

Abstract: A hydraulic booster is provided between a M/C pressure and a W/C pressure. The hydraulic booster is composed of a pump and an amplifying piston amplifying the brake fluid amount discharged from the pump. The brake fluid discharged from the amplifying piston is supplied to the W/C via a first pipeline. The brake fluid discharged from the pump is supplied directly to the W/C via a second pipeline. First and a second control valves select the first or the second pipeline as a pressurizing path to the wheel cylinder.