Abstract: A copying system is provided in which an image inputting unit and an image outputting unit are connected via a conventional data transmission path, and a copying operation is performed at the same speed as the conventional standalone copying machine. The image inputting unit has a first communicating unit, and the image outputting unit has a second communicating unit. Image data is transferred directly from the image inputting unit to the image outputting unit via the first communicating unit, the transmission path and the second communicating unit after a copying operation is initiated by a controlling unit. A scanning operation of the image inputting unit is performed in synchronization with an image forming operation performed by the image outputting unit.

Abstract: An image synthesizing system is provided which uses an intermediate transfer belt on which a plurality of toner images are superimposed. The image synthesizing system is used for an image processing apparatus which forms a toner image on a recording sheet by using an electro-photographic method. The image synthesizing system comprises a photosensitive drum on which the toner image is formed and an intermediate transfer belt which makes contact with the photosensitive drum so that the toner image formed on the photosensitive drum is transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt. A plurality of toner images are formed on the intermediate transfer belt, each of the toner images being formed on the photosensitive drum in accordance with image data obtained from different image data sources, the toner images being transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt one after another. A command ejection mode can be set by an operator in which an additional image will be superimposed on a first superimposed image.

Abstract: A vital pressure regulating system is constructed using an alternating current system, and the absolute value of an output signal is inversely proportional to the air pressure in the main air reservoir and therefore if some critical circuit component fails, the output of a comparator circuit becomes a direct current signal in the same way as the case in which the air pressure in the main air reservoir is higher than the predetermined upper limit value so that the switch shuts off the air compressor to achieve fail-safe operation.

Abstract: A railway car braking system employing a pneumatic brake to supplement the primary electric brake is provided with a feedback signal corresponding to the effectiveness of the electric brake. This feedback signal is compared with the brake command signal to derive a deficiency signal, in accordance with which the pneumatic brake is applied. A detector senses a change in the deficiency signal in decreasing sense for applying a correction factor to the deficiency signal, thereby compensating for hysteresis typically associated with the various valves in the pneumatic brake system, in order to obtain consistent pneumatic braking for a given deficiency signal during both an increase and a decrease of the pneumtic braking level.