Abstract: A first pillar transistor and a second pillar transistor are arranged with no other pillar transistor therebetween, a distance between a first silicon pillar in the first pillar transistor and a second silicon pillar in the second pillar transistor is smaller than a distance between a third silicon pillar in a third pillar transistor and the first silicon pillar.

Abstract: A developing device includes: a developer container section configured to contain therein a two-component developer composed of toner and magnetic carrier; a developer bearing member configured to supply the developer to an image bearing member on which an electrostatic latent image is formed; a toner supplying section configured to supply the toner to the developer container section via the toner supply port; a carrier supplying section provided separately from the toner supplying section, the carrier supplying section being configured to supply the carrier to the developer container section via the carrier supply port; and a carrier detection section disposed at a position near the carrier supply port and at a same level as a powder surface of the developer contained in the developer container section, the carrier detection section being configured to detect carrier supplied from the carrier supplying section.

Abstract: A layout data creation device includes a transistor adjustment unit. The transistor adjustment unit divides a pillar-type transistor including a plurality of unit pillar-type transistors into the unit pillar-type transistors groups. The unit pillar-type transistors can be placed in a placement area. The number of the unit pillar-type transistors in each group is an integer. The transistor adjustment unit generates sub-pillar-type transistors that are placed in the placement area.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor device comprising a first layer that is provided on a semiconductor substrate and includes a first wiring pattern planarized by CMP and a plurality of first dummy patterns made of a same material as the first wiring pattern and a second layer that is provided above the semiconductor substrate and includes a second wiring pattern planarized by CMP and a plurality of second dummy patterns made of a same material as the second wiring pattern. A central axis of each of the second dummy patterns coincides with that of a corresponding one of the first dummy patterns in a direction perpendicular to the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A cleaning device comprises: a rotational brush disposed to touch an image holder and a lubricant, the brush which scrapes the lubricant and applies the scraped lubricant to the image holder, the brush including: a rotational axis; and a plurality of looped bristles disposed around the rotational axis, wherein a contact length of the bristles to the lubricant is longer than a contact length of the bristles to the image holder.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a developing device including: a developer housing section configured to house a developer including toner and carrier; a carrier replenishing section configured to supply the carrier to the developer housing section; a carrier concentration detecting section provided at a position near a carrier replenishment position at which the carrier is received from the carrier replenishing section in the developer housing section, the carrier concentration detecting section being configured to detect a carrier concentration in the developer housing section; and a carrier replenishment determination section configured to determine whether the carrier is properly supplied to the developer housing section on the basis of a result of detecting by the carrier concentration detecting section.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor device comprising a first layer that is provided on a semiconductor substrate and includes a first wiring pattern planarized by CMP and a plurality of first dummy patterns made of a same material as the first wiring pattern and a second layer that is provided above the semiconductor substrate and includes a second wiring pattern planarized by CMP and a plurality of second dummy patterns made of a same material as the second wiring pattern. A central axis of each of the second dummy patterns coincides with that of a corresponding one of the first dummy patterns in a direction perpendicular to the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a lower wiring layer, having signal lines and power supply lines extending in a Y-direction; an upper wiring layer having signal lines and power supply lines extending in an X-direction; via conductors provided in first overlap regions where corresponding signal lines overlap each other; and via conductors provided in second overlap regions where corresponding power supply lines overlap each other. The width in the X-direction of the first regions is wider than the widths in the X-direction of the second regions. Therefore, in the first regions, a plurality of via conductors can be provided. Moreover, the power supply lines are divided in the Y-direction to avoid interference with the first regions. On a plurality of lower-layer lines, two vias are placed at a minimum pitch containing one via.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus has a first and a second transfer member which transfer toner images onto a transfer body; and a control section, which measures a first density of a first toner image formed on the transfer body, measures a second density of a second toner image formed on the transfer body and determines a transfer current for the first and the second transfer member based on the first and the second density.

Abstract: A first pillar transistor and a second pillar transistor are arranged with no other pillar transistor therebetween, a distance between a first silicon pillar in the first pillar transistor and a second silicon pillar in the second pillar transistor is smaller than a distance between a third silicon pillar in a third pillar transistor and the first silicon pillar.

Abstract: A charging device has a charging member to charge an object, an applying unit to apply a voltage to the charging member for generating an electric discharge from the charging member, so that the object is discharged by the charging member, a detecting unit to detect an emission of light of the electric discharge, an output unit to output a detection result by the detecting unit, a cleaning unit to clean the charging member, and a controller to control the cleaning unit to clean the charging member when the detection result is out of a predetermined range.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor device comprising a first layer that is provided on a semiconductor substrate and includes a first wiring pattern planarized by CMP and a plurality of first dummy patterns made of a same material as the first wiring pattern and a second layer that is provided above the semiconductor substrate and includes a second wiring pattern planarized by CMP and a plurality of second dummy patterns made of a same material as the second wiring pattern. A central axis of each of the second dummy patterns coincides with that of a corresponding one of the first dummy patterns in a direction perpendicular to the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor device comprising a first layer that is provided on a semiconductor substrate and includes a first wiring pattern planarized by CMP and a plurality of first dummy patterns made of a same material as the first wiring pattern and a second layer that is provided above the semiconductor substrate and includes a second wiring pattern planarized by CMP and a plurality of second dummy patterns made of a same material as the second wiring pattern. A central axis of each of the second dummy patterns coincides with that of a corresponding one of the first dummy patterns in a direction perpendicular to the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cleaning apparatus including: a blade and a roller to remove the residual toner on the image carrier, the blade and the roller provided on a downstream side of a rotating direction of the image carrier than a transfer position of the toner image; a scraper to remove toner attached to the roller; and a first controlling section to control movement of the residual toner removed by the blade and the roller, the first controlling section is provided on an upstream side of the rotating direction of the image carrier than the blade and on a downstream side of the rotating direction of the image carrier than the roller and the scraper, and the first controlling section is provided facing the image carrier with a certain area provided in between to form an accumulating section to accumulate residual toner in the certain area.

Abstract: A memory device including memory cells each have two transistors and one storage element connected in series in this order between a corresponding one of bit lines and a constant voltage. The two transistors respectively have gate electrodes respectively connected to a corresponding one of first word lines and a corresponding one of second word lines. A memory array includes mats each having the memory cells disposed at all intersections between the bit lines and the first word lines, sense amplifiers each input with a corresponding pair of the bit lines in the same mat as a bit line pair, and first and second word drivers adapted to activate the first and second word lines, respectively.

Abstract: A transfer device comprising: a transfer section which forms a nip portion between the transfer section and an image carrier and transfers a toner image on an image carrier onto a sheet passing through the nip portion; an application section which applies a voltage to the transfer section; a determining section which determines a timing of applying voltage from the application section to the transfer section, wherein the control section controls the application section to apply a voltage having an opposite polarity to a transfer polarity to the transfer section until the timing determined by the determination section in a period since a leading edge of the sheet in a conveyance direction advances into the nip portion until a predetermined non image area of the sheet has passed through the nip portion, and then, at a timing determined, switch to apply a voltage having the transfer polarity.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus has a first and a second transfer member which transfer toner images onto a transfer body; and a control section, which measures a first density of a first toner image formed on the transfer body, measures a second density of a second toner image formed on the transfer body and determines a transfer current for the first and the second transfer member based on the first and the second density.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a lower wiring layer, having signal lines and power supply lines extending in a Y-direction; an upper wiring layer having signal lines and power supply lines extending in an X-direction; via conductors provided in first overlap regions where corresponding signal lines overlap each other; and via conductors provided in second overlap regions where corresponding power supply lines overlap each other. The width in the X-direction of the first regions is wider than the widths in the X-direction of the second regions. Therefore, in the first regions, a plurality of via conductors can be provided. Moreover, the power supply lines are divided in the Y-direction to avoid interference with the first regions. On a plurality of lower-layer lines, two vias are placed at a minimum pitch containing one via.

Abstract: A cleaning device comprises: a rotational brush disposed to touch an image holder and a lubricant, the brush which scrapes the lubricant and applies the scraped lubricant to the image holder, the brush including: a rotational axis; and a plurality of looped bristles disposed around the rotational axis, wherein a contact length of the bristles to the lubricant is longer than a contact length of the bristles to the image holder.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier; a charging unit which charges a surface of the image carrier; a brush which removes toner remaining on the image carrier by rubbing the surface of the image carrier; a cleaning blade provided downstream of the brush in a rotational direction of the image carrier, which removes the toner remaining on the image carrier; a surface potential measuring sensor which measures a surface potential of the image carrier between the brush and the cleaning blade; and a controller which causes the surface potential measuring sensor to conduct a measuring operation and adjusts the surface potential of the image carrier between the brush and the cleaning blade on the basis of a measurement result.