Abstract: The present technology relates to a transmission device, a transmission method, a reception device, and a reception method with each of which it becomes possible to perform transmission of control information according to an operation form. The reception device receives first data that includes control information, which includes information necessary for channel selection of a service, and transmission sequence information indicating a sequence in which the control information is transmitted and that is transmitted in a transmission sequence corresponding to the transmission sequence information, and controls processing on second data, which includes data of a component included in the service, on the basis of the control information acquired according to the transmission sequence information. The present technology can be applied, for example, to a television receiver.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a spherical polyamide fine particle having smooth sliding properties and causing a low degree of environmental pollution. The polyamide fine particle according to the present invention includes: a polyamide including a repetition of a structural unit having at least one alkylene group and at least one amide bond, each of the at least one alkylene group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, wherein the polyamide fine particle has a sphericity of 80 or greater.

Abstract: Provided are non-spherical polyamide particles having small variations in particle shape. The polyamide particles include a polyamide including repeating structural units having at least one alkylene group and at least one amide bond, wherein each of the at least one alkylene group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The main shape of the particles is a non-spherical shape with a circularity of less than 0.98, and a coefficient of variation (CV) of the circularity distribution is 30% or less.

Abstract: Provided is a polyamide composition including a linear and high molecular weight polyamide and having a low residual monomer content. The composition includes a polyamide having a site formed of repeating structural units having at least one alkylene group and at least one amide bond, each of the at least one alkylene group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, the polyamide having a linear structure with a weight average molecular weight of 200000 or greater, and the content of the included raw material monomer, which is a raw material of the structural units, being less than 1000 ppm.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a spherical polyamide fine particle having smooth sliding properties and causing a low degree of environmental pollution. The polyamide fine particle according to the present invention includes: a polyamide including a repetition of a structural unit having at least one alkylene group and at least one amide bond, each of the at least one alkylene group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, wherein the polyamide fine particle has a sphericity of 80 or greater.

Abstract: Provided are non-spherical polyamide particles having small variations in particle shape. The polyamide particles include a polyamide including repeating structural units having at least one alkylene group and at least one amide bond, wherein each of the at least one alkylene group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The main shape of the particles is a non-spherical shape with a circularity of less than 0.98, and a coefficient of variation (CV) of the circularity distribution is 30% or less.

Abstract: A method for producing a GL comprising: (I) a heating step of heating a mixture either under normal pressure or reduced pressure at a temperature at which a polyglycolic acid (PGA) undergoes depolymerization, the mixture containing the PGA and a polyethylene glycol ether which is represented by the formula: X—O—(—CH2CH2—O—)p—Y (wherein X and Y are each independently an alkyl group or an aryl group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and p is an integer from 1 to 5) and which has a molecular weight of from 150 to 450 and a boiling point of from 130 to 220° C.

Abstract: A method for producing glycolide provided with: step (1) wherein a GAO composition, which preferably contains a high-boiling-point organic solvent or a solubilizing agent, is supplied into a reactor and heated to a temperature at which a depolymerization reaction of the GAO occurs; step (2) wherein the heating is continued to subject the GAO to the depolymerization reaction, thereby producing glycolide; step (3) wherein glycolide is distilled out of the reactor; step (4) wherein the distillate is introduced into a rectifier and is rectified by means of gas-liquid countercurrent contact; and step (5) wherein glycolide is recovered.

Abstract: A method for producing glycolide provided with: step (1) wherein a GAO composition, which preferably contains a high-boiling-point organic solvent or a solubilizing agent, is supplied into a reactor and heated to a temperature at which a depolymerization reaction of the GAO occurs; step (2) wherein the heating is continued to subject the GAO to the depolymerization reaction, thereby producing glycolide; step (3) wherein glycolide is distilled out of the reactor; step (4) wherein the distillate is introduced into a rectifier and is rectified by means of gas-liquid countercurrent contact; and step (5) wherein glycolide is recovered.

Abstract: A method for producing a GL comprising: (I) a heating step of heating a mixture either under normal pressure or reduced pressure at a temperature at which a polyglycolic acid (PGA) undergoes depolymerization, the mixture containing the PGA and a polyethylene glycol ether which is represented by the formula: X—O—(—CH2CH2—O—)p—Y (wherein X and Y are each independently an alkyl group or an aryl group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and p is an integer from 1 to 5) and which has a molecular weight of from 150 to 450 and a boiling point of from 130 to 220° C.

Abstract: A method for producing glycolide provided with: step (1) wherein a GAO composition, which preferably contains a high-boiling-point organic solvent or a solubilizing agent, is supplied into a reactor and heated to a temperature at which a depolymerization reaction of the GAO occurs; step (2) wherein the heating is continued to subject the GAO to the depolymerization reaction, thereby producing glycolide; step (3) wherein glycolide is distilled out of the reactor; step (4) wherein the distillate is introduced into a rectifier and is rectified by means of gas-liquid countercurrent contact; and step (5) wherein glycolide is recovered.

Abstract: A method for producing glycolide comprises depolymerizing a glycolic acid oligomer in the presence of a phenol-based antioxidant.

Abstract: A biodegradable filament of polyglycolic acid resin having practical properties represented by high tensile strength and knot strength is produced. A polyglycolic acid resin having a residual monomer content of below 0.5 wt. % is melt-spun, quenched in a liquid bath of at most 10° C. and then stretched in a liquid bath of 60-83° C. to produce a polyglycolic acid resin filament having a tensile strength of at least 750 MPa and a knot strength of at least 600 MPa.

Abstract: A method for producing glycolide, including the steps of: heating a mixture containing a glycolic acid oligomer, a high-boiling point polar organic solvent having a boiling point of 230 to 450° C., and a tin compound under normal pressure or reduced pressure until a temperature at which the glycolic acid oligomer is depolymerized, to thereby dissolve the glycolic acid oligomer in the high-boiling point polar organic solvent; heating a solution, in which the glycolic acid oligomer is dissolved, under normal pressure or reduced pressure until a temperature at which the glycolic acid oligomer is depolymerized, to thereby form glycolide by depolymerization of the glycolic acid oligomer in the solution; and co-distilling off the high-boiling point polar organic solvent and the formed glycolide from a depolymerization reaction system.

Abstract: The invention provides a production process of glycolide comprising the respective steps of: Step 1 of heating a mixture containing a glycolic acid oligomer and a high boiling polar organic under normal or reduced pressure to reflux the mixture and at that time, conducting a total reflux operation in a reflux time within a range of 0.1 to 20 hours under conditions that substantially the whole amount of a distillate distilled out of a reflux system containing the mixture is refluxed into the reflux system; Step 2 of heating the mixture after the total reflux operation or a mixture obtained by adding the high boiling polar organic solvent to a glycolic acid oligomer component recovered from the mixture after the total reflux operation to conduct depolymerization; and Step 3 of collecting glycolide from a co-distillate.

Abstract: In the production of an aliphatic polyester by ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic ester, at least a latter period of polymerization is proceeded with by way of solid-phase polymerization, and the resultant aliphatic polyester is subjected to removal of residual cyclic ester. As a result, an aliphatic polyester with a minimized content of residual monomer is obtained.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a biodegradable resin composition which permits the biodegradable resin to quickly decompose. [Means for Solution] The biodegradable resin is blended with a polyglycolic acid and an ester decomposition promoter of an inorganic particulate material that promotes the hydrolysis of the polyglycol.

Abstract: Polyglycolic acid particles comprising polyglycolic acid having (a) at least 70% by mol of a glycolic acid repeating unit, (b) Mw of 30,000 to 800,000, (c) Mw/Mn of 1.5 to 4.0, (d) a melting point of 197 to 245° C. and (e) a melt crystallization temperature TC2 of 130 to 195° C., and having (i) an average particle diameter (D50) of 3 to 50 ?m, and preferably having (ii) D90/D10 of 1.1 to 12, a production process of the particles, including a solution-forming step of dissolving polyglycolic acid in an aprotic polar organic solvent at 150 to 240° C.; a cooling step of cooling the solution to 140° C. or lower at a rate less than 20° C./min to obtain a suspension of polyglycolic acid particles; and a separation step, and a slurry, (powder) coating or toner containing the particles.

Abstract: A method of purifying a cyclic ester, comprising: mixing a co-distillated liquid comprising a cyclic ester produced by heating depolymerization of a hydroxycarboxylic acid oligomer in the presence of a depolymerization solvent and the depolymerization solvent with an organic solvent for washing which is mutually soluble with the depolymerization solvent and has a lower boiling point than the cyclic ester; subjecting the resultant mixture liquid to liquid-liquid separation into an organic solvent phase containing the depolymerization solvent and a cyclic ester phase containing the organic solvent; and then evaporating the organic solvent from the cyclic ester phase containing the organic solvent to recover the cyclic ester containing a reduced amount of the depolymerization solvent.

Abstract: A process for producing an aliphatic polyester includes the steps of: heating a cyclic ester at a melting point or higher to transform the cyclic ester into molten state and convert a moisture contained in the cyclic ester into free carboxylic acid; measuring an amount of the free carboxylic acid in the molten cyclic ester; feeding a proton-source compound in an amount determined based on the measured amount of the free carboxylic acid into the molten cyclic ester; and subjecting the cyclic ester to ring-opening polymerization. The process provides an aliphatic polyester with a desired molecular weight which can be set easily and accurately. An apparatus for the process is also provided.