Abstract: A portable terminal detects a color change region corresponding to a marker in frames, and determines whether the brightness and/or hue change with time in the color change region matches a search rule. Subsequently, when the brightness and/or hue change with time in the color change region matches a search rule, the portable terminal restores information by decoding and determines whether the information is the content of predetermined information corresponding to the search rule determined to match. Furthermore, when the restored information is the content of predetermined information corresponding to the search rule determined to match, the portable terminal displays the information in association with the color change region to provide notice that the corresponding flying object is an appropriate flying object performing optical communication.

Abstract: The fuel cell catalyst layer has: a catalyst including a carbon support having pores with a pore diameter of from 1 nm to 5 nm and a catalyst metal supported within the pores of the carbon support; and an ionomer having a glass transition temperature equal to or greater than 160° C.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a catalyst for fuel cells, which is able to inhibit gas diffusion resistance and shows high IV characteristics far more than conventional fuel cell catalysts, and a method for producing the catalyst. Disclosed is a catalyst for fuel cells, comprising fine catalyst particles, each of which comprises a palladium-containing particle and an outermost layer containing platinum and covering the palladium-containing particle, and a carrier on which the fine catalyst particles are supported, wherein the catalyst for fuel cells satisfies 0.9×S1?S2 in which S1 is a BET specific surface area of a material for the carrier, and S2 is a BET specific surface area of the carrier in the catalyst for fuel cells.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method for producing core-shell catalyst particles with high catalytic activity per unit mass of platinum. Disclosed is a method for producing core-shell catalyst particles including a core containing palladium and a shell containing platinum and covering the shell, wherein the method includes: a step of depositing copper on the surface of the palladium-containing particles by applying a potential that is nobler than the oxidation-reduction potential of copper to the palladium-containing particles in a copper ion-containing electrolyte, and a step of forming the shell by, after the copper deposition step and inside the reaction system kept at ?3° C. or more and 10° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a fine catalyst particle comprising a palladium-containing particle and a platinum outermost layer covering the palladium-containing particle, wherein a first composite body containing palladium and platinum is formed by mixing the palladium-containing particle with a first solution in which a platinum compound is dissolved, and then covering at least part of a surface of the palladium-containing particle with platinum; wherein a second composite body containing palladium, platinum and copper is formed by mixing the first composite body with a second solution in which a copper compound is dissolved, and then covering at least part of a surface of the first composite body with copper using copper underpotential deposition; and wherein the copper in the second composite body is substituted with platinum derived from a third solution in which a platinum compound is dissolved.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide fine catalyst particles with better catalytic performance than ever before and a carbon-supported catalyst with better catalytic performance than ever before.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide fine catalyst particles to which sulfate ions are less likely to be adsorbed, and a carbon-supported catalyst to which sulfate ions are less likely to be adsorbed.

Abstract: A portable terminal detects a color change region corresponding to a marker in frames, and determines whether the brightness and/or hue change with time in the color change region matches a search rule. Subsequently, when the brightness and/or hue change with time in the color change region matches a search rule, the portable terminal restores information by decoding and determines whether the information is the content of predetermined information corresponding to the search rule determined to match. Furthermore, when the restored information is the content of predetermined information corresponding to the search rule determined to match, the portable terminal displays the information in association with the color change region to provide notice that the corresponding flying object is an appropriate flying object performing optical communication.

Abstract: An information transmission system includes: an information sending device including a light emitting section that emits light in a plurality of colors, a modulating section that modulates information to be transmitted into signals composed of changes in color, and a light emission control section that controls the light emitting section to emit light while changing color temporally based on the signals generated by the modulating section; and a receiving device including a camera that captures an image having color, and a control and communication section that detects a temporal color change of the light emitting section emitting light by light emission control by the information transmitting device, from images consecutively captured by the camera, decodes the detected color change into information, and outputs the generated information to a display section.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide fine catalyst particles with better catalytic performance than ever before and a carbon-supported catalyst with better catalytic performance than ever before.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide such a carbon-supported catalyst that an activity expected from a catalytic activity by rotating disk electrode (RDE) evaluation is maintained even after the formation of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Disclosed is a carbon-supported catalyst wherein the carbon-supported catalyst includes fine catalyst particles that have a palladium-containing particle and a platinum-containing outermost layer covering at least part of the palladium-containing particle, and a carbon support supporting the fine catalyst particles, and wherein, in a cyclic voltammogram that is obtained by measuring, in an acid solution, the carbon-supported catalyst applied to a measurement electrode made of an electroconductive material, the proportion of the area of a hydrogen adsorption region that appears in a reduction current region to the total area of the hydrogen adsorption region and a hydrogen occlusion region that appears in the reduction current region, is 29% to 36%.

Abstract: The fuel cell catalyst layer has: a catalyst including a highly crystalline carbon support and a catalyst metal supported by the highly crystalline carbon support; and an ionomer having a glass transition temperature equal to or greater than 160° C.

Abstract: The fuel cell catalyst layer has: a catalyst including a carbon support having pores with a pore diameter of from 1 nm to 5 nm and a catalyst metal supported within the pores of the carbon support; and an ionomer having a glass transition temperature equal to or greater than 160° C.

Abstract: A method of forming a catalyst material includes hindering the reaction rate of a displacement reaction and controlling the formation of platinum clusters, where an atomic layer of metal atoms is displaced with platinum atoms, to produce a catalyst material that includes an atomic layer of the platinum atoms.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide fine catalyst particles to which sulfate ions are less likely to be adsorbed, and a carbon-supported catalyst to which sulfate ions are less likely to be adsorbed.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method for producing core-shell catalyst particles with high catalytic activity per unit mass of platinum. Disclosed is a method for producing core-shell catalyst particles including a core containing palladium and a shell containing platinum and covering the shell, wherein the method includes: a step of depositing copper on the surface of the palladium-containing particles by applying a potential that is nobler than the oxidation-reduction potential of copper to the palladium-containing particles in a copper ion-containing electrolyte, and a step of forming the shell by, after the copper deposition step and inside the reaction system kept at ?3° C. or more and 10° C.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide such a carbon-supported catalyst that an activity expected from a catalytic activity by rotating disk electrode (RDE) evaluation is maintained even after the formation of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Disclosed is a carbon-supported catalyst wherein the carbon-supported catalyst includes fine catalyst particles that have a palladium-containing particle and a platinum-containing outermost layer covering at least part of the palladium-containing particle, and a carbon support supporting the fine catalyst particles, and wherein, in a cyclic voltammogram that is obtained by measuring, in an acid solution, the carbon-supported catalyst applied to a measurement electrode made of an electroconductive material, the proportion of the area of a hydrogen adsorption region that appears in a reduction current region to the total area of the hydrogen adsorption region and a hydrogen occlusion region that appears in the reduction current region, is 29% to 36%.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a carbon-supported catalyst which has better catalytic performance than conventional carbon-supported catalysts.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a production method which can increase the activity of a catalyst particle comprising a core particle and an outermost layer, the core particle comprising at least one of palladium and a palladium alloy, and the outermost layer comprising at least one of platinum and a platinum alloy and covering the core particle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a fine catalyst particle comprising a palladium-containing particle and a platinum outermost layer covering the palladium-containing particle, wherein a first composite body containing palladium and platinum is formed by mixing the palladium-containing particle with a first solution in which a platinum compound is dissolved, and then covering at least part of a surface of the palladium-containing particle with platinum; wherein a second composite body containing palladium, platinum and copper is formed by mixing the first composite body with a second solution in which a copper compound is dissolved, and then covering at least part of a surface of the first composite body with copper using copper underpotential deposition; and wherein the copper in the second composite body is substituted with platinum derived from a third solution in which a platinum compound is dissolved.